महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-80

तमुपाध्यायः संदिदेश ।
वत्स वेद इहास्यताम् ।
भवता मद्गृहे कंचित्कालं शुश्रूषमाणेन भवितव्यम् ।
श्रेयस्ते भविष्यतीति ॥८०॥

80. tamupādhyāyaḥ saṁdideśa ,
vatsa veda ihāsyatām ,
bhavatā madgṛhe kaṁcitkālaṁ śuśrūṣamāṇena bhavitavyam ,
śreyaste bhaviṣyatīti.

80. tam upādhyāyaḥ saṃdideśa vatsa
veda iha āsyatām bhavatā mat gṛhe
kañcitkālam śuśrūṣamāṇena
bhavitavyam śreyaḥ te bhaviṣyati iti

80. The teacher instructed him, "Son Veda, stay here. You must serve diligently in my house for some time. This will bring you ultimate well-being (śreyas)."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the student) (him, that, it)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (who is instructing the student) (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

• संदिदेश (saṁdideśa) - instructed (the student) (instructed, commanded, taught)

• वत्स (vatsa) - son (used as a term of endearment by the teacher) (son, child, calf, darling)

• वेद (veda) - Veda (as the name of the student being addressed) (Veda (sacred knowledge), knowledge; name of a person)

• इह (iha) - here (in this place, the guru's residence) (here, in this world)

• आस्यताम् (āsyatām) - let him stay (here, to study) (let him sit, let him stay, let it be)

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (the student) (by you (honorific), by your honor)

• मत् (mat) - my (the teacher's) (my, mine, of me)

• गृहे (gṛhe) - in my house (the guru's residence) (in the house, home)

• कञ्चित्कालम् (kañcitkālam) - for some time (for some time, for a certain period)

• शुश्रूषमाणेन (śuśrūṣamāṇena) - by serving diligently (by one who is desirous of serving, by one who is serving diligently)

• भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - you must be (engaged in service) (it must be, it should be, it is to be)

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate well-being (śreyas) (ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior)

• ते (te) - to you (the student) (to you, your, by you)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will happen, will come to be (will be, will happen)

• इति (iti) - thus (concluding the direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the student) (him, that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (who is instructing the student) (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

From upa + adhi + i (to go) + ghañ

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

संदिदेश (saṁdideśa) - instructed (the student) (instructed, commanded, taught)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of saṃdiś

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Formed from prefix 'sam' and root 'diś' (to point, show).

Prefix: sam

Root: diś (class 6)

वत्स (vatsa) - son (used as a term of endearment by the teacher) (son, child, calf, darling)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - son, child, calf, darling

वेद (veda) - Veda (as the name of the student being addressed) (Veda (sacred knowledge), knowledge; name of a person)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, Veda; name of a person

From root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Assuming 'Veda' is the name of the student.

इह (iha) - here (in this place, the guru's residence) (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

आस्यताम् (āsyatām) - let him stay (here, to study) (let him sit, let him stay, let it be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of ās

Imperative Passive

Imperative mood, 3rd person singular, passive voice. From root 'ās' (to sit).

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally, meaning 'let him be seated/remain'.

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (the student) (by you (honorific), by your honor)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (honorific)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) + śatṛ suffix, then used as a pronoun for polite address.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used here to denote the agent in a passive construction with `bhavitavyam`.

मत् (mat) - my (the teacher's) (my, mine, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Base form used in compounds like `mad-gṛhe`.

गृहे (gṛhe) - in my house (the guru's residence) (in the house, home)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, dwelling

कञ्चित्कालम् (kañcitkālam) - for some time (for some time, for a certain period)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kañcitkāla

kañcitkāla - some time, a certain period

Compound type : karmadharaya (kañcit+kāla)

• kañcit – some, any, a certain
  pronoun
  Indeclinable form of 'kim' + 'cid'
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

शुश्रूषमाणेन (śuśrūṣamāṇena) - by serving diligently (by one who is desirous of serving, by one who is serving diligently)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śuśrūṣamāṇa

śuśrūṣamāṇa - desirous of hearing, desirous of serving, serving diligently

Present Middle Participle (Denominative)

Derived from the desiderative root 'śuśrūṣ' (desirous of hearing/serving) + śānac suffix (middle present participle).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied agent `bhavatā`.

भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - you must be (engaged in service) (it must be, it should be, it is to be)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavitavya

bhavitavya - that which is to be, suitable to be, destined to be

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from root 'bhū' (to be) + tavya suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction, meaning 'it should be (done) by you'.

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - ultimate well-being (śreyas) (ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - ultimate good, welfare, prosperity, superior, excellent

Comparative form of 'śrī' or 'praśasta', but used as a noun meaning 'ultimate good'.

ते (te) - to you (the student) (to you, your, by you)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here in dative case, 'to you'.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will happen, will come to be (will be, will happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Active

Future tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root 'bhū' (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus (concluding the direct speech) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)