महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-29

तमुपाध्यायोऽब्रवीत् ।
यस्माद्भवान्केदारखण्डमवदार्योत्थितस्तस्माद्भवानुद्दालक एव नाम्ना भविष्यतीति ॥२९॥

29. tamupādhyāyo'bravīt ,
yasmādbhavānkedārakhaṇḍamavadāryotthitastasmādbhavānuddālaka eva nāmnā bhaviṣyatīti.

29. tam upādhyāyaḥ abravīt | yasmāt bhavān kedārakhaṇḍam avadārya
utthitaḥ tasmāt bhavān uddālakaḥ eva nāmnā bhaviṣyati iti

29. The teacher (guru) said to him: "Since you have emerged after having dug up a piece of a cultivated field, you will therefore be known by the name Uddālaka."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (guru) (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which, since

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

• केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - a piece of cultivated land, field plot

• अवदार्य (avadārya) - having dug up (the field) (having dug up, having torn off)

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - emerged (from the field) (stood up, arisen, emerged)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

• उद्दालकः (uddālakaḥ) - Uddālaka (a proper name)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, through name

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will become

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks end of quotation)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (guru) (teacher, preceptor, instructor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, guru

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because, from which, since

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an indeclinable conjunction meaning 'because' or 'since'.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite), being, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Masculine form of the honorific pronoun.

केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - a piece of cultivated land, field plot

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kedārakhaṇḍa

kedārakhaṇḍa - a piece of cultivated land, a field plot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kedāra+khaṇḍa)

• kedāra – cultivated field, irrigation channel
  noun (masculine)
• khaṇḍa – piece, part, fragment
  noun (neuter)

अवदार्य (avadārya) - having dug up (the field) (having dug up, having torn off)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root dṝ (to tear, burst) with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: dṝ (class 9)

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - emerged (from the field) (stood up, arisen, emerged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - stood up, risen, emerged, elevated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: It functions as an adjective here, describing 'bhavān'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here as an indeclinable adverb meaning 'therefore' or 'for that reason'.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific), Sir

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite), being, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Masculine form of the honorific pronoun.

उद्दालकः (uddālakaḥ) - Uddālaka (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddālaka

uddālaka - Uddālaka (name of a sage)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name, through name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will be, will become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (marks end of quotation)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation.