महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-41

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
नैषा न्याय्या गुरुवृत्तिः ।
अन्येषामपि वृत्त्युपरोधं करोष्येवं वर्तमानः ।
लुब्धोऽसीति ॥४१॥

41. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
naiṣā nyāyyā guruvṛttiḥ ,
anyeṣāmapi vṛttyuparodhaṁ karoṣyevaṁ vartamānaḥ ,
lubdho'sīti.

41. tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca | na
eṣā nyāyyā guruvṛttiḥ | anyeṣām
api vṛtti-uparodham karoṣi
evam vartamānaḥ | lubdhaḥ asi iti

41. To him the teacher replied, "This is not a proper way of supporting your teacher. Acting in this manner, you obstruct the livelihood of others as well. You are greedy!"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• न (na) - not, no

• एषा (eṣā) - this (practice/conduct) (this (feminine))

• न्याय्या (nyāyyā) - just, proper, right

• गुरुवृत्तिः (guruvṛttiḥ) - the teacher's share of alms, or the proper conduct of a student towards his teacher regarding alms (teacher's livelihood, student's duty to teacher)

• अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

• अपि (api) - as well (also, even, too)

• वृत्ति-उपरोधम् (vṛtti-uparodham) - obstruction to livelihood

• करोषि (karoṣi) - you cause (you do, you make)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - behaving, acting (in this manner) (existing, present, acting)

• लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

एषा (eṣā) - this (practice/conduct) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to "guruvṛttiḥ".

न्याय्या (nyāyyā) - just, proper, right

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nyāyya

nyāyya - just, proper, right, suitable

gerundive/verbal adjective

root i + ṇyat (from nyāya)

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with guruvṛttiḥ.

गुरुवृत्तिः (guruvṛttiḥ) - the teacher's share of alms, or the proper conduct of a student towards his teacher regarding alms (teacher's livelihood, student's duty to teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of guruvṛtti

guruvṛtti - teacher's livelihood; conduct towards a teacher

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vṛtti)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root vṛt + ktin
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound: 'guru's vṛtti'.

अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

अपि (api) - as well (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वृत्ति-उपरोधम् (vṛtti-uparodham) - obstruction to livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛtti-uparodha

vṛtti-uparodha - obstruction of livelihood, hindrance to sustenance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+uparodha)

• vṛtti – livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root vṛt + ktin
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• uparodha – obstruction, hindrance, siege
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  upa-rudh + ghañ
  Prefix: upa
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound: 'vṛtti's uparodha'.

करोषि (karoṣi) - you cause (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - behaving, acting (in this manner) (existing, present, acting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vṛt - to turn, to exist, to proceed, to be

present participle

root vṛt + śānac (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective referring to the implied subject "you".

लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, desirous, eager; hunted, entrapped

past participle

root lubh + kta

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Here used adjectivally "you are greedy".

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)