महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-41

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
नैषा न्याय्या गुरुवृत्तिः ।
अन्येषामपि वृत्त्युपरोधं करोष्येवं वर्तमानः ।
लुब्धोऽसीति ॥४१॥

41. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
naiṣā nyāyyā guruvṛttiḥ ,
anyeṣāmapi vṛttyuparodhaṁ karoṣyevaṁ vartamānaḥ ,
lubdho'sīti.

41. tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca | na
eṣā nyāyyā guruvṛttiḥ | anyeṣām
api vṛtti-uparodham karoṣi
evam vartamānaḥ | lubdhaḥ asi iti

41. To him the teacher replied, "This is not a proper way of supporting your teacher. Acting in this manner, you obstruct the livelihood of others as well. You are greedy!"

41. המורה השיב לו, זו אינה דרך ראויה של תלמיד. בהתנהגות כזו אתה פוגע גם בפרנסתם של אחרים. אתה חמדן.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• न (na) - not, no

• एषा (eṣā) - this (practice/conduct) (this (feminine))

• न्याय्या (nyāyyā) - just, proper, right

• गुरुवृत्तिः (guruvṛttiḥ) - the teacher's share of alms, or the proper conduct of a student towards his teacher regarding alms (teacher's livelihood, student's duty to teacher)

• अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

• अपि (api) - as well (also, even, too)

• वृत्ति-उपरोधम् (vṛtti-uparodham) - obstruction to livelihood

• करोषि (karoṣi) - you cause (you do, you make)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - behaving, acting (in this manner) (existing, present, acting)

• लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

• असि (asi) - you are

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

एषा (eṣā) - this (practice/conduct) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Refers to "guruvṛttiḥ".

न्याय्या (nyāyyā) - just, proper, right

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nyāyya

nyāyya - just, proper, right, suitable

gerundive/verbal adjective

root i + ṇyat (from nyāya)

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with guruvṛttiḥ.

गुरुवृत्तिः (guruvṛttiḥ) - the teacher's share of alms, or the proper conduct of a student towards his teacher regarding alms (teacher's livelihood, student's duty to teacher)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of guruvṛtti

guruvṛtti - teacher's livelihood; conduct towards a teacher

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+vṛtti)

• guru – teacher, spiritual preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• vṛtti – livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root vṛt + ktin
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound: 'guru's vṛtti'.

अन्येषाम् (anyeṣām) - of others

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

अपि (api) - as well (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वृत्ति-उपरोधम् (vṛtti-uparodham) - obstruction to livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛtti-uparodha

vṛtti-uparodha - obstruction of livelihood, hindrance to sustenance

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtti+uparodha)

• vṛtti – livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence
  noun (feminine)
  action noun
  root vṛt + ktin
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• uparodha – obstruction, hindrance, siege
  noun (masculine)
  action noun
  upa-rudh + ghañ
  Prefix: upa
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: Tatpuruṣa compound: 'vṛtti's uparodha'.

करोषि (karoṣi) - you cause (you do, you make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

वर्तमानः (vartamānaḥ) - behaving, acting (in this manner) (existing, present, acting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vṛt - to turn, to exist, to proceed, to be

present participle

root vṛt + śānac (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as an adjective referring to the implied subject "you".

लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy, covetous, eager

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, desirous, eager; hunted, entrapped

past participle

root lubh + kta

Root: lubh (class 4)

Note: Here used adjectivally "you are greedy".

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

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