महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-174

य ऋषभस्त्वया पथि गच्छता दृष्टः स ऐरावतो नागराजः ।
यश्चैनमधिरूढः स इन्द्रः ।
यदपि ते पुरीषं भक्षितं तस्य ऋषभस्य तदमृतम् ॥१७४॥

174. ya ṛṣabhastvayā pathi gacchatā dṛṣṭaḥ sa airāvato nāgarājaḥ ,
yaścainamadhirūḍhaḥ sa indraḥ ,
yadapi te purīṣaṁ bhakṣitaṁ tasya ṛṣabhasya tadamṛtam.

174. yaḥ ṛṣabhaḥ tvayā pathi gacchatā dṛṣṭaḥ
| saḥ airāvataḥ nāgarājaḥ | yaḥ ca enam
adhirūḍhaḥ saḥ indraḥ | yat api te purīṣam
bhakṣitam tasya ṛṣabhasya | tat amṛtam

174. That bull which you saw while going on the path, that is Airāvata, the king of nāgas (elephants). And the one who was mounted upon it is Indra. And that dung of the bull which you ate, that is amṛta (the nectar of immortality).

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - which (bull) (who, which)

• ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - the bull mentioned in Uttanka's account (bull; chief, best)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you, Uttanka (by you)

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, way

• गच्छता (gacchatā) - by you, while you were going (by the one going; while going)

• दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - was seen (by you) (seen, perceived)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the bull) (he, that)

• ऐरावतः (airāvataḥ) - the divine elephant Airāvata (Airāvata (name of Indra's elephant))

• नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - the king of elephants (since Airavata is Indra's elephant) (king of serpents/elephants)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (the man) was (who, which)

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - it (the bull Airavata) (him, this (masculine accusative))

• अधिरूढः (adhirūḍhaḥ) - was mounted upon (the bull) (mounted upon, ascended)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the one mounted) (he, that)

• इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the deity Indra, king of gods (Indra (name of a deity))

• यत् (yat) - which (dung) (which, what)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• ते (te) - by you, Uttanka (by you (agentive dative/genitive))

• पुरीषम् (purīṣam) - the bull's dung (dung, feces)

• भक्षितम् (bhakṣitam) - was eaten (by you) (eaten, consumed)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (bull) (of that, his)

• ऋषभस्य (ṛṣabhasya) - of the bull

• तत् (tat) - that (dung) (that (neuter nominative))

• अमृतम् (amṛtam) - the nectar of immortality (the ultimate elixir) (nectar of immortality; immortal)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - which (bull) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

ऋषभः (ṛṣabhaḥ) - the bull mentioned in Uttanka's account (bull; chief, best)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull; the chief, best, or noblest of a class

त्वया (tvayā) - by you, Uttanka (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

पथि (pathi) - on the path, way

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of path

path - path, road, way

गच्छता (gacchatā) - by you, while you were going (by the one going; while going)

(nominal form)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

present active participle

From root gam- 'to go'.

Root: gam (class 1)

दृष्टः (dṛṣṭaḥ) - was seen (by you) (seen, perceived)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived; shown, manifested

past passive participle

From root dṛś- 'to see'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the bull) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऐरावतः (airāvataḥ) - the divine elephant Airāvata (Airāvata (name of Indra's elephant))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of airāvata

airāvata - Airāvata (name of Indra's elephant, also a nāga king)

नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - the king of elephants (since Airavata is Indra's elephant) (king of serpents/elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents/nāgas; king of elephants (as nāga can mean elephant)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – serpent, snake; elephant; a class of semi-divine beings
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who (the man) was (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - it (the bull Airavata) (him, this (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enas

enas - fault, sin, offence (also a pronoun base for 'this, that')

अधिरूढः (adhirūḍhaḥ) - was mounted upon (the bull) (mounted upon, ascended)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhirūḍha

adhirūḍha - mounted, ascended; ridden

past passive participle

From root ruh- 'to grow, ascend' with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ruh (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (the one mounted) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इन्द्रः (indraḥ) - the deity Indra, king of gods (Indra (name of a deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (king of gods, god of thunder and rain); chief, best

यत् (yat) - which (dung) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - by you, Uttanka (by you (agentive dative/genitive))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Here used as dative of agent, 'by you'.

पुरीषम् (purīṣam) - the bull's dung (dung, feces)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of purīṣa

purīṣa - dung, feces; rubbish, dirt; any excrement

भक्षितम् (bhakṣitam) - was eaten (by you) (eaten, consumed)

(nominal form)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhakṣita

bhakṣita - eaten, consumed; devoured

past passive participle

From root bhakṣ- 'to eat'.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (bull) (of that, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ऋषभस्य (ṛṣabhasya) - of the bull

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ṛṣabha

ṛṣabha - bull; the chief, best, or noblest of a class

तत् (tat) - that (dung) (that (neuter nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अमृतम् (amṛtam) - the nectar of immortality (the ultimate elixir) (nectar of immortality; immortal)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, deathless; nectar of immortality, elixir of life; ambrosia

From mṛta (dead) with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  From root mṛ- 'to die'.
  Root: mṛ (class 6)