महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-40

स एवमुक्त उपाध्यायेन प्रत्युवाच ।
भगवते निवेद्य पूर्वमपरं चरामि ।
तेन वृत्तिं कल्पयामीति ॥४०॥

40. sa evamukta upādhyāyena pratyuvāca ,
bhagavate nivedya pūrvamaparaṁ carāmi ,
tena vṛttiṁ kalpayāmīti.

40. saḥ evam uktaḥ upādhyāyena pratyuvāca | bhagavate
nivedya pūrvam aparam carāmi | tena vṛttim kalpayāmi iti

40. Addressed thus by the teacher, he replied, "Having first informed you, sir, I go for alms both for the first time and for a second time. With that, I sustain my livelihood."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• भगवते (bhagavate) - to you, sir (addressing the teacher with respect) (to the revered one, to the fortunate one)

• निवेद्य (nivedya) - having informed, having reported

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (time, i.e., in the morning) (before, first, eastern)

• अपरम् (aparam) - second (time, i.e., in the afternoon) (other, later, subsequent)

• चरामि (carāmi) - I go for alms, I beg (I wander, I go)

• तेन (tena) - from that (begging, i.e., the alms collected) (by that, with that)

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - my livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct)

• कल्पयामि (kalpayāmi) - I manage, I sustain (I arrange, I prepare, I imagine)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the student (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past participle

root vac- (to speak) + kta

Root: vac (class 2)

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवते (bhagavate) - to you, sir (addressing the teacher with respect) (to the revered one, to the fortunate one)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - revered, fortunate, glorious; the Lord

possessive suffix -matup

bhaga + matup

निवेद्य (nivedya) - having informed, having reported

(indeclinable)

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 4)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first (time, i.e., in the morning) (before, first, eastern)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb here.

अपरम् (aparam) - second (time, i.e., in the afternoon) (other, later, subsequent)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb here.

चरामि (carāmi) - I go for alms, I beg (I wander, I go)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

तेन (tena) - from that (begging, i.e., the alms collected) (by that, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the activity of begging twice.

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - my livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence

action noun

root vṛt + ktin

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कल्पयामि (kalpayāmi) - I manage, I sustain (I arrange, I prepare, I imagine)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kalpay

causative

root kḷp + ṇic (causative)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: From causative stem kalpayati.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)