महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-166

तमुत्तङ्क उपाध्यायं प्रत्युवाच ।
भोस्तक्षकेण नागराजेन विघ्नः कृतोऽस्मिन्कर्मणि ।
तेनास्मि नागलोकं नीतः ॥१६६॥

166. tamuttaṅka upādhyāyaṁ pratyuvāca ,
bhostakṣakeṇa nāgarājena vighnaḥ kṛto'sminkarmaṇi ,
tenāsmi nāgalokaṁ nītaḥ.

166. tam uttaṅkaḥ upādhyāyam pratyuvāca bhoḥ takṣakeṇa nāgarājena
vighnaḥ kṛtaḥ asmin karmaṇi tena asmi nāgalokam nītaḥ

166. Uttanka replied to his preceptor, 'Sir, an obstruction was caused in this task by Takṣaka, the king of serpents. By him, I was taken to the serpent world.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the preceptor) (him)

• उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Uttanka (Uttanka (proper name))

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the preceptor (to the teacher / preceptor)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• भोः (bhoḥ) - Sir! (O!, Sir!, (vocative particle))

• तक्षकेण (takṣakeṇa) - by Takṣaka (by Takṣaka (proper name))

• नागराजेन (nāgarājena) - by the king of serpents

• विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - an obstruction (obstruction, impediment, difficulty)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was caused (done, made, caused)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in this task (in the action, in the work, in the task)

• तेन (tena) - by him (by Takṣaka) (by that, by him)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• नागलोकम् (nāgalokam) - to the serpent world

• नीतः (nītaḥ) - was led / taken (led, taken, carried)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the preceptor) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Uttanka (Uttanka (proper name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Uttanka (name of a sage)

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the preceptor (to the teacher / preceptor)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

Derived from root iṇ (to go, study) with prefixes adhi and upa, referring to one who sits near (upa) a teacher for study (adhi-i) or teaches.

Root: iṇ (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of root vac with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

भोः (bhoḥ) - Sir! (O!, Sir!, (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

तक्षकेण (takṣakeṇa) - by Takṣaka (by Takṣaka (proper name))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of takṣaka

takṣaka - Takṣaka (name of a nāga king); carpenter, woodcutter

Root: takṣ (class 1)

नागराजेन (nāgarājena) - by the king of serpents

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

विघ्नः (vighnaḥ) - an obstruction (obstruction, impediment, difficulty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighna

vighna - obstacle, impediment, obstruction

From root han (to strike) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: han (class 2)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - was caused (done, made, caused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

past participle

Past passive participle of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

कर्मणि (karmaṇi) - in this task (in the action, in the work, in the task)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual

action noun

From root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तेन (tena) - by him (by Takṣaka) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

नागलोकम् (nāgalokam) - to the serpent world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgaloka

nāgaloka - world of serpents, netherworld

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+loka)

• nāga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, region
  noun (masculine)

नीतः (nītaḥ) - was led / taken (led, taken, carried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīta

nīta - led, guided, taken, brought

past participle

Past passive participle of root nī

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: This participle acts as the predicate with 'asmi' to form a passive past tense construction 'I was led'.