महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-126

अथोत्तङ्कः शीतमन्नं सकेशं दृष्ट्वा अशुच्येतदिति मत्वा पौष्यमुवाच ।
यस्मान्मे अशुच्यन्नं ददासि तस्मदन्धो भविष्यसीति ॥१२६॥

126. athottaṅkaḥ śītamannaṁ sakeśaṁ dṛṣṭvā aśucyetaditi matvā pauṣyamuvāca ,
yasmānme aśucyannaṁ dadāsi tasmadandho bhaviṣyasīti.

126. atha uttaṅkaḥ śītam annam sakeśam
dṛṣṭvā aśuci etat iti matvā pauṣyam
uvāca yasmāt me aśuci annam
dadāsi tasmāt andhaḥ bhaviṣyasi iti

126. Then, Uttanka, seeing the cold food mixed with hair, thought, 'This is impure,' and said to Pauṣya, 'Because you give me impure food, you shall become blind!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next in sequence (then, now, moreover)

• उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Uttanka (the student) (Uttanka (name))

• शीतम् (śītam) - cold (food) (cold)

• अन्नम् (annam) - the food (served by Pauṣya) (food)

• सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the food) (having seen, after seeing)

• अशुचि (aśuci) - this is impure (impure, unclean)

• एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, this one)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

• मत्वा (matvā) - having concluded, considering (having thought, having considered)

• पौष्यम् (pauṣyam) - to King Pauṣya (to Pauṣya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (to Pauṣya) (said, spoke)

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which, for which reason)

• मे (me) - to me (indirect object) (to me, for me, my)

• अशुचि (aśuci) - impure (food) (impure)

• अन्नम् (annam) - impure food (direct object of 'dadāsi') (food)

• ददासि (dadāsi) - you give (to me) (you give)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (as a consequence) (therefore, from that)

• अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind (predicative adjective) (blind)

• भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become (blind) (you will be, you will become)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next in sequence (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Uttanka (the student) (Uttanka (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Uttanka (a proper noun, name of a sage)

शीतम् (śītam) - cold (food) (cold)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, chilled

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle from √śyai (to freeze), used as adjective.

Root: śyai (class 1)

अन्नम् (annam) - the food (served by Pauṣya) (food)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakeśa

sakeśa - with hair, hairy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+keśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the food) (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Past active participle/absolutive in -tvā from √dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अशुचि (aśuci) - this is impure (impure, unclean)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + 'śuci' (pure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective, referring to 'etat'.

एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)

मत्वा (matvā) - having concluded, considering (having thought, having considered)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Past active participle/absolutive in -tvā from √man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

पौष्यम् (pauṣyam) - to King Pauṣya (to Pauṣya)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pauṣya

pauṣya - Pauṣya (a proper noun, name of a king)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (to Pauṣya) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect tense form of √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (because, from which, for which reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Used as a causal adverbial, 'for which reason'.

मे (me) - to me (indirect object) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used as dative ('to me') or genitive ('my'). Here, indirect object of 'dadāsi'.

अशुचि (aśuci) - impure (food) (impure)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + 'śuci' (pure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying annam.

अन्नम् (annam) - impure food (direct object of 'dadāsi') (food)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

ददासि (dadāsi) - you give (to me) (you give)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice of √dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (as a consequence) (therefore, from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used as a causal adverbial, 'for that reason'.

अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind (predicative adjective) (blind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind, ignorant

Note: Subject complement for 'bhaviṣyasi'.

भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will become (blind) (you will be, you will become)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future tense, 2nd person singular, active voice of √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)