महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-48

स एवमुक्त उपाध्यायं प्रत्युवाच ।
भोः फेनं पिबामि यमिमे वत्सा मातॄणां स्तनं पिबन्त उद्गिरन्तीति ॥४८॥

48. sa evamukta upādhyāyaṁ pratyuvāca ,
bhoḥ phenaṁ pibāmi yamime vatsā mātṝṇāṁ stanaṁ pibanta udgirantīti.

48. saḥ evam uktaḥ upādhyāyam pratyuvāca bhoḥ phenam pibāmi
yam ime vatsāḥ mātṝṇām stanam pibantaḥ udgiranti iti

48. Thus addressed, he replied to the teacher, "Sir, I drink the foam that these calves, while drinking from their mothers' udders, spill out."

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the student) (he, that)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (referring to being addressed) (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (passive meaning) (spoken, said)

• उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the teacher

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• भोः (bhoḥ) - Sir! (Sir!, O! (vocative particle))

• फेनम् (phenam) - foam (foam, froth)

• पिबामि (pibāmi) - I drink

• यम् (yam) - which (referring to foam) (which)

• इमे (ime) - these (calves) (these)

• वत्साः (vatsāḥ) - calves

• मातॄणाम् (mātṝṇām) - of mothers

• स्तनम् (stanam) - udder/teat (udder, breast, teat)

• पिबन्तः (pibantaḥ) - while drinking (drinking)

• उद्गिरन्ति (udgiranti) - they spill out / eject (they spit out, they eject, they disgorge)

• इति (iti) - indicating the end of the student's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the student) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (referring to being addressed) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying uktaḥ.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (passive meaning) (spoken, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told

past passive participle

From root vac 'to speak' + kta suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies saḥ.

उपाध्यायम् (upādhyāyam) - to the teacher

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, tutor

Derived from upa- + adhi-i-

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of pratyuvāca.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From prati + uvāca (perfect of vac).

भोः (bhoḥ) - Sir! (Sir!, O! (vocative particle))

(indeclinable)

फेनम् (phenam) - foam (foam, froth)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phena

phena - foam, froth, spume

Note: Object of pibāmi.

पिबामि (pibāmi) - I drink

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pā

Root: pā (class 1)

यम् (yam) - which (referring to foam) (which)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to phenam.

इमे (ime) - these (calves) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Qualifies vatsāḥ.

वत्साः (vatsāḥ) - calves

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vatsa

vatsa - calf, offspring, child

Note: Subject of udgiranti.

मातॄणाम् (mātṝṇām) - of mothers

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Possessive with stanam.

स्तनम् (stanam) - udder/teat (udder, breast, teat)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of stana

stana - breast, udder, teat

Note: Object of pibantaḥ.

पिबन्तः (pibantaḥ) - while drinking (drinking)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pibat

pā - to drink

present active participle

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vatsāḥ.

उद्गिरन्ति (udgiranti) - they spill out / eject (they spit out, they eject, they disgorge)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udgir

Prefix: ud

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Root gṛ with prefix ud.

इति (iti) - indicating the end of the student's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)