महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-108

तमुवाचोत्तङ्कः ।
गुर्वर्थे कुण्डलाभ्यामर्थ्यागतोऽस्मीति ये ते क्षत्रियया पिनद्धे कुण्डले ते भवान्दातुमर्हतीति ॥१०८॥

108. tamuvācottaṅkaḥ ,
gurvarthe kuṇḍalābhyāmarthyāgato'smīti ye te kṣatriyayā pinaddhe kuṇḍale te bhavāndātumarhatīti.

108. tam uvāca uttaṅkaḥ guru arthe
kuṇḍalābhyām arthī āgataḥ asmi
iti ye te kṣatriyayā pinaddhe
kuṇḍale te bhavān dātum arhati iti

108. Utanka said to him, "I have come as a petitioner for two earrings for my guru's sake. Please give those two earrings that are worn by your Kshatriya wife."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to Paushya (to him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utanka

• गुरु (guru) - for the sake of the guru (teacher, guru)

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - for two earrings, concerning two earrings

• अर्थी (arthī) - seeker, petitioner

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• ये (ye) - which (dual)

• ते (te) - those (dual)

• क्षत्रियया (kṣatriyayā) - by the kshatriya wife

• पिनद्धे (pinaddhe) - worn, clasped (dual)

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - (two) earrings

• ते (te) - those two earrings (those (two))

• भवान् (bhavān) - King Paushya (your honor, you (polite))

• दातुम् (dātum) - to give

• अर्हति (arhati) - should (give) (is able, is fit, should)

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to Paushya (to him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Root: vac (class 2)

उत्तङ्कः (uttaṅkaḥ) - Utanka

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Utanka (a sage's name)

गुरु (guru) - for the sake of the guru (teacher, guru)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy

Note: Part of the compound 'gurvarthe'

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, object, wealth, for the sake of

कुण्डलाभ्याम् (kuṇḍalābhyām) - for two earrings, concerning two earrings

(noun)

Dative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

Note: Could also be instrumental or ablative, but dative 'for' fits the context of seeking them.

अर्थी (arthī) - seeker, petitioner

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthin

arthin - petitioner, supplicant, one who desires something

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, approached

past passive participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - which (dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Agrees with kuṇḍale (neuter dual nom/acc)

ते (te) - those (dual)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with kuṇḍale (neuter dual nom/acc). Correlates with 'ye'.

क्षत्रियया (kṣatriyayā) - by the kshatriya wife

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣatriyā

kṣatriyā - kshatriya woman, wife of a kshatriya

पिनद्धे (pinaddhe) - worn, clasped (dual)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, dual of pinaddha

pinaddha - fastened, bound, worn

past passive participle

From root nah (to bind, tie) with prefix api

Prefix: api

Root: nah (class 4)

Note: Agrees with kuṇḍale (neuter dual nom/acc)

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - (two) earrings

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

ते (te) - those two earrings (those (two))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the two earrings, object of 'dātum'

भवान् (bhavān) - King Paushya (your honor, you (polite))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavant

bhavant - your honor, you (polite address)

present participle

From root bhū (to be, become)

Root: bhū (class 1)

दातुम् (dātum) - to give

(indeclinable)

infinitive

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

अर्हति (arhati) - should (give) (is able, is fit, should)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)