महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-21

स उपाध्यायेन संदिष्ट आरुणिः पाञ्चाल्यस्तत्र
गत्वा तत्केदारखण्डं बद्धुं नाशक्नोत् ॥२१॥

21. sa upādhyāyena saṁdiṣṭa āruṇiḥ pāñcālyastatra
gatvā tatkedārakhaṇḍaṁ baddhuṁ nāśaknot.

21. saḥ उपाध्यायेन संदिष्टः आरुणिः पाञ्चाल्यः
तत्र गत्वा तत् केदारखण्डम् बद्धुम् न अशक्नोत्

21. That Aruni from Pañcāla, having been instructed by the teacher, went there but could not repair that field embankment.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - That (Aruni, previously mentioned) (he, that)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher (Dhaumya) (by the teacher)

• संदिष्टः (saṁdiṣṭaḥ) - instructed (commanded, instructed, sent)

• आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruni (proper name) (Aruni (name))

• पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - from Pañcāla (belonging to Pañcāla, a resident of Pañcāla)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (to the field embankment) (there, in that place)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• तत् (tat) - that (specific) embankment (that, it)

• केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - the field embankment (field embankment, section of an irrigated field)

• बद्धुम् (baddhum) - to repair, to block (to bind, to block, to repair)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अशक्नोत् (aśaknot) - was able

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - That (Aruni, previously mentioned) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Aruni, serving as an intensifier

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by the teacher (Dhaumya) (by the teacher)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

Derived from 'upa' + 'adhi' + root 'i' (to go), meaning 'one who approaches for knowledge' or 'one who teaches near'

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'saṃdiṣṭaḥ'

संदिष्टः (saṁdiṣṭaḥ) - instructed (commanded, instructed, sent)

(participle (adjective))

Note: Agrees with 'āruṇiḥ'

आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruni (proper name) (Aruni (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āruṇi

āruṇi - Name of a sage, a disciple of Dhaumya

Note: Subject of the sentence

पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - from Pañcāla (belonging to Pañcāla, a resident of Pañcāla)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - related to Pañcāla, inhabitant of Pañcāla, a king of Pañcāla

Taddhita derivation from pañcāla + ya suffix

तत्र (tatra) - there (to the field embankment) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun tad + suffix tra

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable (gerund))

तत् (tat) - that (specific) embankment (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'kedārakhaṇḍam'

केदारखण्डम् (kedārakhaṇḍam) - the field embankment (field embankment, section of an irrigated field)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kedārakhaṇḍa

kedārakhaṇḍa - a section of an irrigated field, a piece of arable land, a part of a field-embankment

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kedāra+khaṇḍa)

• kedāra – irrigated field, cultivated field, basin for water around the foot of a tree
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• khaṇḍa – piece, part, section, division, break, fragment
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  Root: khaṇḍ (class 1)

Note: Object of the infinitive 'baddhum'

बद्धुम् (baddhum) - to repair, to block (to bind, to block, to repair)

(verb (infinitive))

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अशक्नोत् (aśaknot) - was able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect tense form of root śak

Root: śak (class 5)