महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-24

ततः कदाचिदुपाध्याय आयोदो धौम्यः शिष्यानपृच्छत् ।
क्व आरुणिः पाञ्चाल्यो गत इति ॥२४॥

24. tataḥ kadācidupādhyāya āyodo dhaumyaḥ śiṣyānapṛcchat ,
kva āruṇiḥ pāñcālyo gata iti.

24. tataḥ kadācit upādhyāyaḥ āyodhaḥ dhaumyaḥ
śiṣyān apṛcchat kva āruṇiḥ pāñcālyaḥ gataḥ iti

24. Then, one day, the teacher Ayoda Dhaumya asked his disciples, "Where has Aruni from Pañcāla gone?"

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - one day, at a certain time (once, at some time, sometimes)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

• आयोधः (āyodhaḥ) - Ayoda (proper name) (Ayoda (name))

• धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - Dhaumya (proper name) (Dhaumya (name))

• शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - the disciples (disciples, students (acc. pl.))

• अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, questioned)

• क्व (kva) - Where?

• आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruni (proper name) (Aruni (name))

• पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - from Pañcāla (belonging to Pañcāla, a resident of Pañcāla)

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone (gone, arrived)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of a question) (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - Then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun tad + suffix tas

कदाचित् (kadācit) - one day, at a certain time (once, at some time, sometimes)

(indeclinable)

From interrogative pronoun kim + dā (temporal suffix) + cit (indefinite suffix)

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

Derived from 'upa' + 'adhi' + root 'i' (to go), meaning 'one who approaches for knowledge' or 'one who teaches near'

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'apṛcchat'

आयोधः (āyodhaḥ) - Ayoda (proper name) (Ayoda (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyodha

āyodha - Name of a sage

Note: Appositive to 'upādhyāyaḥ'

धौम्यः (dhaumyaḥ) - Dhaumya (proper name) (Dhaumya (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhaumya

dhaumya - Name of a sage, teacher of Aruni and others

शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - the disciples (disciples, students (acc. pl.))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, pupil, student

agent noun

From root śās (to teach/discipline) + ya suffix

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of 'apṛcchat'

अपृच्छत् (apṛcchat) - asked (asked, questioned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of prach

Imperfect tense form of root prach

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence

क्व (kva) - Where?

(indeclinable)

From interrogative pronoun kim + suffix a

आरुणिः (āruṇiḥ) - Aruni (proper name) (Aruni (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āruṇi

āruṇi - Name of a sage, a disciple of Dhaumya

Note: Subject of the interrogative clause

पाञ्चाल्यः (pāñcālyaḥ) - from Pañcāla (belonging to Pañcāla, a resident of Pañcāla)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - related to Pañcāla, inhabitant of Pañcāla, a king of Pañcāla

Taddhita derivation from pañcāla + ya suffix

गतः (gataḥ) - gone (gone, arrived)

(participle (adjective))

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with an implied 'is'

इति (iti) - (marks the end of a question) (thus, so)

(indeclinable)