महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-35

तमुपाध्यायः पीवानमपश्यत् ।
उवाच चैनम् ।
वत्सोपमन्यो केन वृत्तिं कल्पयसि ।
पीवानसि दृढमिति ॥३५॥

35. tamupādhyāyaḥ pīvānamapaśyat ,
uvāca cainam ,
vatsopamanyo kena vṛttiṁ kalpayasi ,
pīvānasi dṛḍhamiti.

35. tam upādhyāyaḥ pīvānam apaśyat uvāca ca enam vatsa
upamanyo kena vṛttim kalpayasi pīvān asi dṛḍham iti

35. The teacher saw him looking stout and said to him, "Dear Upamanyu, by what means do you sustain yourself? You are quite stout and strong."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Upamanyu) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

• पीवानम् (pīvānam) - stout (stout, fat, plump)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - to him (him, this)

• वत्स (vatsa) - dear child (dear child, calf, son)

• उपमन्यो (upamanyo) - O Upamanyu

• केन (kena) - by what means (by what, by whom)

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct)

• कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage (you arrange, you manage, you create)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - stout (stout, fat, plump)

• असि (asi) - you are

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - indeed, quite (firmly, strongly, indeed)

• इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Upamanyu) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, instructor

पीवानम् (pīvānam) - stout (stout, fat, plump)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - stout, fat, plump, thriving

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw (saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - to him (him, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

वत्स (vatsa) - dear child (dear child, calf, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, son, dear one

उपमन्यो (upamanyo) - O Upamanyu

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of upamanyu

upamanyu - Upamanyu (proper noun, a sage's name)

केन (kena) - by what means (by what, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood (livelihood, sustenance, conduct)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, practice, mode of being

कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage (you arrange, you manage, you create)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kalp

Root: kḷp (class 10)

पीवान् (pīvān) - stout (stout, fat, plump)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - stout, fat, plump, thriving

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - indeed, quite (firmly, strongly, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: used adverbially

इति (iti) - thus (ending the quote) (thus, so (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)