महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-45

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
नैतन्न्याय्यं पय उपयोक्तुं भवतो मयाननुज्ञातमिति ॥४५॥

45. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
naitannyāyyaṁ paya upayoktuṁ bhavato mayānanujñātamiti.

45. tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca na etat nyāyyam
payaḥ upayoktum bhavataḥ mayā ananujñātam iti

45. The teacher replied to him, "It is not right for you to drink milk without my permission."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the student) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (Gautama) (teacher, preceptor)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतत् (etat) - this (action of drinking milk) (this, this thing)

• न्याय्यम् (nyāyyam) - proper, right (proper, just, right)

• पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

• उपयोक्तुम् (upayoktum) - to drink (milk) (to use, to drink, to employ)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by you (by you (respectful), of you)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अननुज्ञातम् (ananujñātam) - not permitted (not permitted, not allowed)

• इति (iti) - indicating the end of the teacher's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the student) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher (Gautama) (teacher, preceptor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor, tutor

Derived from upa- + adhyā (adhi-i-), one who sits near to teach or learn

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From prati + uvāca (perfect of vac).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (action of drinking milk) (this, this thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

न्याय्यम् (nyāyyam) - proper, right (proper, just, right)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nyāyya

nyāyya - proper, just, right, logical

gerundive

Derived from nyāya (logic, rule) + yat suffix

Note: Agreement with etat.

पयः (payaḥ) - milk (milk, water)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of payas

payas - milk, water, drink

Note: Object of upayoktum.

उपयोक्तुम् (upayoktum) - to drink (milk) (to use, to drink, to employ)

(verb)

infinitive

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - by you (by you (respectful), of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you (polite address)

present participle (honorific)

From bhū 'to be'

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive often functions as agent with infinitives or gerundives.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent with passive construction (ananujñātam).

अननुज्ञातम् (ananujñātam) - not permitted (not permitted, not allowed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ananujñāta

ananujñāta - not permitted, not allowed

past passive participle

na + anu + jñā + kta (passive participle)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+anujñāta)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• anujñāta – permitted, allowed
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  anu + jñā + kta
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies the implied action of drinking milk (etat).

इति (iti) - indicating the end of the teacher's statement (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)