महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-84

स शिष्यान्न किंचिदुवाच ।
कर्म वा क्रियतां गुरुशुश्रूषा वेति ।
दुःखाभिज्ञो हि गुरुकुलवासस्य शिष्यान्परिक्लेशेन योजयितुं नेयेष ॥८४॥

84. sa śiṣyānna kiṁciduvāca ,
karma vā kriyatāṁ guruśuśrūṣā veti ,
duḥkhābhijño hi gurukulavāsasya śiṣyānparikleśena yojayituṁ neyeṣa.

84. saḥ śiṣyān na kiñcit uvāca karma
vā kriyatām guruśuśrūṣā vā iti
duḥkhābhijñaḥ hi gurukulavāsasya
śiṣyān parikleśena yojayitum na īyeṣa

84. He did not say anything to his disciples like, 'Let work (karma) be done, or let service to the guru (guruśuśrūṣā) be performed.' Indeed, being himself familiar with the difficulties of dwelling in a teacher's household (gurukula), he did not wish to burden his disciples with hardship.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (the householder, former student) (he, that)

• शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - to his disciples (disciples, students)

• न (na) - not

• किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything (in a negative context) (anything, something, a little)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

• कर्म (karma) - work or duty assigned to disciples (action, work, deed, ritual)

• वा (vā) - or

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it (work/service) be performed (let it be done, let one do)

• गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to the guru, attendance on a teacher

• वा (vā) - or

• इति (iti) - marking the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, a quotative particle)

• दुःखाभिज्ञः (duḥkhābhijñaḥ) - being familiar with (having experienced) hardship (knowing suffering, familiar with hardship)

• हि (hi) - indeed, providing a reason (indeed, surely, for)

• गुरुकुलवासस्य (gurukulavāsasya) - of the experience of dwelling in a gurukula (of the gurukula stay, of the residence in the teacher's house)

• शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - his disciples (whom he did not wish to burden) (disciples, students)

• परिक्लेशेन (parikleśena) - with trouble, with difficulty, with hardship

• योजयितुम् (yojayitum) - to burden or to involve (in hardship) (to engage, to connect, to employ)

• न (na) - not

• ईयेष (īyeṣa) - he wished, he desired

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (the householder, former student) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - to his disciples (disciples, students)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach, instruct) + ya suffix; lit. "one who is to be taught"

Root: śās (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything (in a negative context) (anything, something, a little)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्म (karma) - work or duty assigned to disciples (action, work, deed, ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, work, deed, ritual

From √kṛ (to do) + man suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it (work/service) be performed (let it be done, let one do)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Formed from √kṛ (to do) + yā (passive sign) + tām (imperative 3rd singular passive) suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

गुरुशुश्रूषा (guruśuśrūṣā) - service to the guru, attendance on a teacher

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of guruśuśrūṣā

guruśuśrūṣā - service to the guru, attendance on a teacher

From guru + śuśrūṣā (desire to hear, obedience)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+śuśrūṣā)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• śuśrūṣā – desire to hear, obedience, service
  noun (feminine)
  desiderative noun
  From desiderative stem of √śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - marking the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, a quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

दुःखाभिज्ञः (duḥkhābhijñaḥ) - being familiar with (having experienced) hardship (knowing suffering, familiar with hardship)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhābhijña

duḥkhābhijña - knowing suffering, familiar with hardship

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+abhijña)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, hardship
  noun (neuter)
• abhijña – knowing, familiar with
  adjective (masculine)
  From abhi + √jñā (to know)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

हि (hi) - indeed, providing a reason (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

गुरुकुलवासस्य (gurukulavāsasya) - of the experience of dwelling in a gurukula (of the gurukula stay, of the residence in the teacher's house)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gurukulavāsa

gurukulavāsa - residence in the teacher's house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+kula+vāsa)

• guru – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, house
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From √vas (to dwell) + ghañ suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Governed by duḥkhābhijñaḥ.

शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - his disciples (whom he did not wish to burden) (disciples, students)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach, instruct) + ya suffix; lit. "one who is to be taught"

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of yojayitum.

परिक्लेशेन (parikleśena) - with trouble, with difficulty, with hardship

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parikleśa

parikleśa - trouble, difficulty, hardship, distress

From pari + √kliś (to suffer, torment) + ghañ suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: kliś (class 9)

Note: Instrument for engaging.

योजयितुम् (yojayitum) - to burden or to involve (in hardship) (to engage, to connect, to employ)

(verb)

active, infinitive of yuj

Infinitive

Infinitive form of causative of √yuj (to join) + tumun suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

ईयेष (īyeṣa) - he wished, he desired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of iṣ

Perfect tense form of √iṣ

Root: iṣ (class 6)