महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-98

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
वत्सोत्तङ्क बहुशो मां चोदयसि गुर्वर्थमुपहरेयमिति ।
तद्गच्छ ।
एनां प्रविश्योपाध्यायिनीं पृच्छ किमुपहरामीति ।
एषा यद्ब्रवीति तदुपहरस्वेति ॥९८॥

98. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
vatsottaṅka bahuśo māṁ codayasi gurvarthamupahareyamiti ,
tadgaccha ,
enāṁ praviśyopādhyāyinīṁ pṛccha kimupaharāmīti ,
eṣā yadbravīti tadupaharasveti.

98. tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca | vatsa uttaṅka bahuśaḥ
mām codayasi guru-artham upahareyam iti | tat
gaccha | enām praviśya upādhyāyinīm pṛccha kim
upaharāmi iti | eṣā yat bravīti tat upaharasva iti

98. The teacher replied to him, "My dear Uttanka, you repeatedly press me about offering a guru's fee. Therefore, go! Go in and ask the teacher's wife, 'What shall I offer?' Whatever she tells you, that you should offer."

98. השיב לו המורה, אוּטַּנְקַה בני, פעמים רבות אתה מפציר בי שתביא מתנה למורה. לכן לך, היכנס אל אשת המורה ושאל אותה מה להביא, ומה שתאמר לך, הבא.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - (to) him (Uttanka) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• वत्स (vatsa) - my dear child (calf, dear child, son)

• उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (a proper name)

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, often, in many ways

• माम् (mām) - me

• चोदयसि (codayasi) - you press me (to name something) (you urge, you incite, you press)

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• उपहरेयम् (upahareyam) - I should offer, I might offer

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

• एनाम् (enām) - her (the teacher's wife) (her, this (feminine accusative))

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - (go and) enter (having entered)

• उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

• पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask! (imperative)

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

• एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (she says) (what, which, whatever)

• ब्रवीति (bravīti) - she says, speaks

• तत् (tat) - that (thing, referring to what she says) (that, therefore, so)

• उपहरस्व (upaharasva) - you (should) offer (offer, present (imperative, middle voice))

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - (to) him (Uttanka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

from prati-√vac (to speak)

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

वत्स (vatsa) - my dear child (calf, dear child, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, son, dear one

उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (a proper name)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Uttanka (a sage's name)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, often, in many ways

(indeclinable)

suffix -śas

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

चोदयसि (codayasi) - you press me (to name something) (you urge, you incite, you press)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cuday

causative/denominative (from √cud)

from √cud (to impel, to move)

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Used causatively in meaning 'to make one wish to offer'.

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

उपहरेयम् (upahareyam) - I should offer, I might offer

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

एनाम् (enām) - her (the teacher's wife) (her, this (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, her, him

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - (go and) enter (having entered)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

from pra-√viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upādhyāyinī

upādhyāyinī - teacher's wife, female teacher

feminine of upādhyāya

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Also functions as an interrogative adverb.

उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, she, he, it

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

यत् (yat) - whatever (she says) (what, which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun.

ब्रवीति (bravīti) - she says, speaks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (thing, referring to what she says) (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपहरस्व (upaharasva) - you (should) offer (offer, present (imperative, middle voice))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, ātmanepada, imperative (loṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada ending for active meaning here.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

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