महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-98

तमुपाध्यायः प्रत्युवाच ।
वत्सोत्तङ्क बहुशो मां चोदयसि गुर्वर्थमुपहरेयमिति ।
तद्गच्छ ।
एनां प्रविश्योपाध्यायिनीं पृच्छ किमुपहरामीति ।
एषा यद्ब्रवीति तदुपहरस्वेति ॥९८॥

98. tamupādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca ,
vatsottaṅka bahuśo māṁ codayasi gurvarthamupahareyamiti ,
tadgaccha ,
enāṁ praviśyopādhyāyinīṁ pṛccha kimupaharāmīti ,
eṣā yadbravīti tadupaharasveti.

98. tam upādhyāyaḥ pratyuvāca | vatsa uttaṅka bahuśaḥ
mām codayasi guru-artham upahareyam iti | tat
gaccha | enām praviśya upādhyāyinīm pṛccha kim
upaharāmi iti | eṣā yat bravīti tat upaharasva iti

98. The teacher replied to him, "My dear Uttanka, you repeatedly press me about offering a guru's fee. Therefore, go! Go in and ask the teacher's wife, 'What shall I offer?' Whatever she tells you, that you should offer."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - (to) him (Uttanka) (him, that)

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• वत्स (vatsa) - my dear child (calf, dear child, son)

• उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (a proper name)

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, often, in many ways

• माम् (mām) - me

• चोदयसि (codayasi) - you press me (to name something) (you urge, you incite, you press)

• गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

• उपहरेयम् (upahareyam) - I should offer, I might offer

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

• तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

• गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

• एनाम् (enām) - her (the teacher's wife) (her, this (feminine accusative))

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - (go and) enter (having entered)

• उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

• पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask! (imperative)

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

• एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (she says) (what, which, whatever)

• ब्रवीति (bravīti) - she says, speaks

• तत् (tat) - that (thing, referring to what she says) (that, therefore, so)

• उपहरस्व (upaharasva) - you (should) offer (offer, present (imperative, middle voice))

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - (to) him (Uttanka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - teacher, preceptor

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

from upa-adhi-√i (to go, study)

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prativac

from prati-√vac (to speak)

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

वत्स (vatsa) - my dear child (calf, dear child, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, son, dear one

उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (a proper name)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Uttanka (a sage's name)

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly, often, in many ways

(indeclinable)

suffix -śas

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

चोदयसि (codayasi) - you press me (to name something) (you urge, you incite, you press)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cuday

causative/denominative (from √cud)

from √cud (to impel, to move)

Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Used causatively in meaning 'to make one wish to offer'.

गुरु-अर्थम् (guru-artham) - as a guru's fee/offering (for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru-artha

guru-artha - for the sake of the guru, for the guru's purpose, as guru-दक्षिणा

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, thing
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as an adverbial accusative here.

उपहरेयम् (upahareyam) - I should offer, I might offer

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - therefore, so (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used adverbially.

गच्छ (gaccha) - go!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

एनाम् (enām) - her (the teacher's wife) (her, this (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of enad

enad - this, that, her, him

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - (go and) enter (having entered)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

from pra-√viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

उपाध्यायिनीम् (upādhyāyinīm) - teacher's wife (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upādhyāyinī

upādhyāyinī - teacher's wife, female teacher

feminine of upādhyāya

Prefixes: upa+adhi

Root: i (class 2)

पृच्छ (pṛccha) - ask! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Also functions as an interrogative adverb.

उपहरामि (upaharāmi) - I offer, I present

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)

एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this, she, he, it

Note: Refers to the teacher's wife.

यत् (yat) - whatever (she says) (what, which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun.

ब्रवीति (bravīti) - she says, speaks

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (thing, referring to what she says) (that, therefore, so)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपहरस्व (upaharasva) - you (should) offer (offer, present (imperative, middle voice))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, ātmanepada, imperative (loṭ) of upahṛ

from upa-√hṛ (to carry)

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada ending for active meaning here.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quotation or statement (thus, so, this)

(indeclinable)