महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-27

स तत्र गत्वा तस्याह्वानाय शब्दं चकार ।
भो आरुणे पाञ्चाल्य क्वासि ।
वत्सैहीति ॥२७॥

27. sa tatra gatvā tasyāhvānāya śabdaṁ cakāra ,
bho āruṇe pāñcālya kvāsi ,
vatsaihīti.

27. saḥ tatra gatvā tasya āhvānāya śabdam cakāra
| bho āruṇe pāñcālya kva asi | vatsaihī iti

27. He went there and called out, "Oh, Aruṇi, O Pañcālya! Where are you, O Vatsa!"

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तत्र (tatra) - there, to that place

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of that

• आह्वानाय (āhvānāya) - for summoning, for calling

• शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

• चकार (cakāra) - he uttered, he created (a sound) (he did, he made)

• भो (bho) - O, alas, an address particle

• आरुणे (āruṇe) - O Aruṇi (proper name)

• पाञ्चाल्य (pāñcālya) - O Pañcālya (related to Pañcāla)

• क्व (kva) - where?

• असि (asi) - you are

• वत्सैही (vatsaihī) - O Vatsa (referring to Aruṇi) (O Vatsa (child, term of endearment))

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत्र (tatra) - there, to that place

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' (locative suffix)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, after going

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a non-finite verb.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Aruṇi.

आह्वानाय (āhvānāya) - for summoning, for calling

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of āhvāna

āhvāna - summoning, calling, invocation

Formed from prefix 'ā' + root 'hvā' (to call) + suffix 'ana'

Prefix: ā

Root: hvā (class 1)

शब्दम् (śabdam) - sound, word

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, word, voice

चकार (cakāra) - he uttered, he created (a sound) (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

From root 'kṛ' (to do), perfect form

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Often used idiomatically with nouns to form compound verbs (e.g., 'śabdaṃ cakāra' = 'he made a sound' or 'he called out').

भो (bho) - O, alas, an address particle

(indeclinable)

आरुणे (āruṇe) - O Aruṇi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of āruṇi

āruṇi - Aruṇi (proper name)

पाञ्चाल्य (pāñcālya) - O Pañcālya (related to Pañcāla)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāñcālya

pāñcālya - descendant of Pañcāla, belonging to Pañcāla

Derived from 'pañcāla' (a country/region), suffix 'ya' indicating relation/descent

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of as

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice

From root 'as' (to be), present form

Root: as (class 2)

वत्सैही (vatsaihī) - O Vatsa (referring to Aruṇi) (O Vatsa (child, term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, darling

Vocative form of vatsa, with a possible emphatic or elongated ending 'ī' or combination with 'iha ehi'

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating direct speech

(indeclinable)