महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-83

स उपाध्यायेनानुज्ञातः समावृत्तस्तस्माद्गुरुकुलवासाद्गृहाश्रमं प्रत्यपद्यत ।
तस्यापि स्वगृहे वसतस्त्रयः शिष्या बभूवुः ॥८३॥

83. sa upādhyāyenānujñātaḥ samāvṛttastasmādgurukulavāsādgṛhāśramaṁ pratyapadyata ,
tasyāpi svagṛhe vasatastrayaḥ śiṣyā babhūvuḥ.

83. saḥ upādhyāyena anujñātaḥ samāvṛttaḥ
tasmāt gurukulavāsāt gṛhāśramam
prati apadyata tasya api svagṛhe
vasataḥ trayaḥ śiṣyāḥ babhūvuḥ

83. Having received permission from his teacher, he returned from his residence in the teacher's household (gurukula) and entered the householder's stage (āśrama). Even while he was living in his own home, three disciples came to him.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (the student who completed his studies) (he, that)

• उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by his teacher (who granted permission) (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been permitted (by the teacher) (permitted, allowed, commanded)

• समावृत्तः (samāvṛttaḥ) - having completed his studies and returned (returned, come back, completed (studies))

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (gurukula stay) (from that, therefore)

• गुरुकुलवासात् (gurukulavāsāt) - from that specific period of living with the guru (from the residence in the teacher's house, from the gurukula stay)

• गृहाश्रमम् (gṛhāśramam) - to the householder's stage (āśrama)

• प्रति (prati) - towards (the householder's stage) (towards, to, against)

• अपद्यत (apadyata) - he entered (the householder's stage) (he obtained, he attained, he entered)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (the former student, now householder) (of him, his)

• अपि (api) - even (while he lived in his own home) (also, even)

• स्वगृहे (svagṛhe) - in his own house/home

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - while dwelling (agrees with tasya) (dwelling, living, residing)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• शिष्याः (śiṣyāḥ) - disciples, students

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they came to be (his disciples) (they were, they became)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (the student who completed his studies) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायेन (upādhyāyena) - by his teacher (who granted permission) (by the teacher, by the preceptor)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - having been permitted (by the teacher) (permitted, allowed, commanded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from anu + √jñā (to know, perceive) + kta suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

समावृत्तः (samāvṛttaḥ) - having completed his studies and returned (returned, come back, completed (studies))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāvṛtta

samāvṛtta - returned, come back, completed (studies)

Past Passive Participle

Formed from sam + ā + √vṛt (to turn, exist) + kta suffix

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (gurukula stay) (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to gurukulavāsa.

गुरुकुलवासात् (gurukulavāsāt) - from that specific period of living with the guru (from the residence in the teacher's house, from the gurukula stay)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of gurukulavāsa

gurukulavāsa - residence in the teacher's house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+kula+vāsa)

• guru – teacher, preceptor
  noun (masculine)
• kula – family, lineage, house
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, residence
  noun (masculine)
  From √vas (to dwell) + ghañ suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

गृहाश्रमम् (gṛhāśramam) - to the householder's stage (āśrama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhāśrama

gṛhāśrama - householder's stage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+āśrama)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• āśrama – hermitage, stage of life
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)

प्रति (prati) - towards (the householder's stage) (towards, to, against)

(indeclinable)

अपद्यत (apadyata) - he entered (the householder's stage) (he obtained, he attained, he entered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of pad

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

तस्य (tasya) - of him (the former student, now householder) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपि (api) - even (while he lived in his own home) (also, even)

(indeclinable)

स्वगृहे (svagṛhe) - in his own house/home

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svagṛha

svagṛha - own house/home

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+gṛha)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun
• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)

वसतः (vasataḥ) - while dwelling (agrees with tasya) (dwelling, living, residing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

Formed from √vas (to dwell) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tasya.

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with śiṣyāḥ.

शिष्याः (śiṣyāḥ) - disciples, students

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - disciple, student

Gerundive

From √śās (to teach, instruct) + ya suffix; lit. "one who is to be taught"

Root: śās (class 2)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they came to be (his disciples) (they were, they became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense form of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)