महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-43

तमुपाध्यायस्तथापि पीवानमेव दृष्ट्वा पुनरुवाच ।
अहं ते सर्वं भैक्षं गृह्णामि न चान्यच्चरसि ।
पीवानसि ।
केन वृत्तिं कल्पयसीति ॥४३॥

43. tamupādhyāyastathāpi pīvānameva dṛṣṭvā punaruvāca ,
ahaṁ te sarvaṁ bhaikṣaṁ gṛhṇāmi na cānyaccarasi ,
pīvānasi ,
kena vṛttiṁ kalpayasīti.

43. tam upādhyāyaḥ tathāpi pīvānam eva
dṛṣṭvā punaḥ uvāca | aham te sarvam
bhaikṣam gṛhṇāmi na ca anyat carasi |
pīvān asi | kena vṛttim kalpayasi iti

43. The teacher, still seeing him stout, again spoke to him: "I take all your alms, and you do not beg for anything else. You are stout! By what means do you maintain your livelihood?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

• तथापि (tathāpi) - nevertheless, still, even so

• पीवानम् (pīvānam) - fat, stout, plump

• एव (eva) - still (emphasizing "fat") (only, indeed, just)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ते (te) - your (genitive) (your, to you)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begged food

• गृह्णामि (gṛhṇāmi) - I take, I seize

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, something else

• चरसि (carasi) - you beg (for alms) (you wander, you go)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, stout

• असि (asi) - you are

• केन (kena) - by what means (by what, with what)

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

• कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage, you sustain (you arrange, you prepare, you imagine)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

तथापि (tathāpi) - nevertheless, still, even so

(indeclinable)

Compound of tathā + api

पीवानम् (pīvānam) - fat, stout, plump

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump

From root pī 'to be fat', often with suffix -van.

Root: pī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied "him" (the student).

एव (eva) - still (emphasizing "fat") (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form of vac.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

ते (te) - your (genitive) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you (plural); your

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with bhaikṣam.

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begged food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - alms, begged food

derivative noun

from bhikṣā

गृह्णामि (gṛhṇāmi) - I take, I seize

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, something else

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another

चरसि (carasi) - you beg (for alms) (you wander, you go)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, stout

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump

Nominative singular of pīvan.

Root: pī (class 4)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

केन (kena) - by what means (by what, with what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, how

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence

action noun

root vṛt + ktin

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage, you sustain (you arrange, you prepare, you imagine)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kalpay

causative

root kḷp + ṇic (causative)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: From causative stem kalpayati.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)