महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-43

तमुपाध्यायस्तथापि पीवानमेव दृष्ट्वा पुनरुवाच ।
अहं ते सर्वं भैक्षं गृह्णामि न चान्यच्चरसि ।
पीवानसि ।
केन वृत्तिं कल्पयसीति ॥४३॥

43. tamupādhyāyastathāpi pīvānameva dṛṣṭvā punaruvāca ,
ahaṁ te sarvaṁ bhaikṣaṁ gṛhṇāmi na cānyaccarasi ,
pīvānasi ,
kena vṛttiṁ kalpayasīti.

43. tam upādhyāyaḥ tathāpi pīvānam eva
dṛṣṭvā punaḥ uvāca | aham te sarvam
bhaikṣam gṛhṇāmi na ca anyat carasi |
pīvān asi | kena vṛttim kalpayasi iti

43. The teacher, still seeing him stout, again spoke to him: "I take all your alms, and you do not beg for anything else. You are stout! By what means do you maintain your livelihood?"

43. המורה ראה שגם עכשיו הוא עדיין שמן, ושוב אמר לו, אני לוקח ממך את כל הנדבות ואתה גם לא מסתובב לבקש נוספות. אתה שמן. ממה אתה מתקיים?

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

• तथापि (tathāpi) - nevertheless, still, even so

• पीवानम् (pīvānam) - fat, stout, plump

• एव (eva) - still (emphasizing "fat") (only, indeed, just)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ते (te) - your (genitive) (your, to you)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

• भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begged food

• गृह्णामि (gṛhṇāmi) - I take, I seize

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्यत् (anyat) - other, something else

• चरसि (carasi) - you beg (for alms) (you wander, you go)

• पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, stout

• असि (asi) - you are

• केन (kena) - by what means (by what, with what)

• वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

• कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage, you sustain (you arrange, you prepare, you imagine)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपाध्यायः (upādhyāyaḥ) - the teacher

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upādhyāya

upādhyāya - teacher, preceptor

agent noun

from upa-adhi-i (to go/study), meaning one who studies under or teaches

Root: i (class 2)

तथापि (tathāpi) - nevertheless, still, even so

(indeclinable)

Compound of tathā + api

पीवानम् (pīvānam) - fat, stout, plump

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump

From root pī 'to be fat', often with suffix -van.

Root: pī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with the implied "him" (the student).

एव (eva) - still (emphasizing "fat") (only, indeed, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form of vac.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

ते (te) - your (genitive) (your, to you)

(pronoun)

singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you (plural); your

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with bhaikṣam.

भैक्षम् (bhaikṣam) - alms, begged food

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaikṣa

bhaikṣa - alms, begged food

derivative noun

from bhikṣā

गृह्णामि (gṛhṇāmi) - I take, I seize

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

अन्यत् (anyat) - other, something else

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anya

anya - other, another

चरसि (carasi) - you beg (for alms) (you wander, you go)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

पीवान् (pīvān) - fat, stout

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīvan

pīvan - fat, stout, plump

Nominative singular of pīvan.

Root: pī (class 4)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula.

केन (kena) - by what means (by what, with what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which; why, how

वृत्तिम् (vṛttim) - livelihood, sustenance

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vṛtti

vṛtti - livelihood, conduct, mode of life, subsistence

action noun

root vṛt + ktin

Root: vṛt (class 1)

कल्पयसि (kalpayasi) - you manage, you sustain (you arrange, you prepare, you imagine)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kalpay

causative

root kḷp + ṇic (causative)

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: From causative stem kalpayati.

इति (iti) - marks the end of direct speech (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

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