महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-129

अथ तदन्नं मुक्तकेश्या स्त्रियोपहृतं सकेशमशुचि मत्वोत्तङ्कं प्रसादयामास ।
भगवन्नज्ञानादेतदन्नं सकेशमुपहृतं शीतं च ।
तत्क्षामये भवन्तम् ।
न भवेयमन्ध इति ॥१२९॥

129. atha tadannaṁ muktakeśyā striyopahṛtaṁ sakeśamaśuci matvottaṅkaṁ prasādayāmāsa ,
bhagavannajñānādetadannaṁ sakeśamupahṛtaṁ śītaṁ ca ,
tatkṣāmaye bhavantam ,
na bhaveyamandha iti.

129. atha tat annam muktakeśyā striyā upahṛtam
sakeśam aśuci matvā uttaṅkam prasādayāmāsa bhagavan
ajñānāt etat annam sakeśam upahṛtam śītam
ca tat kṣāmaye bhavantam na bhaveyam andhaḥ iti

129. Then, realizing that the food, offered by a woman with unbound hair, was impure because it contained hair, (Pauṣya) appeased Uttanka. (He said,) 'O venerable one, this food, offered with hair and also cold, was given out of ignorance. Therefore, I seek your forgiveness, so that I may not become blind!'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next in sequence (then, now, moreover)

• तत् (tat) - that (food) (that, this)

• अन्नम् (annam) - the food (which Pauṣya realized was impure) (food)

• मुक्तकेश्या (muktakeśyā) - by a woman with unbound hair (by a loose-haired woman)

• स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman (further specifying the agent) (by a woman)

• उपहृतम् (upahṛtam) - offered (by the woman) (offered, brought)

• सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

• अशुचि (aśuci) - impure (food) (impure, unclean)

• मत्वा (matvā) - having concluded, considering (having thought, having considered)

• उत्तङ्कम् (uttaṅkam) - Uttanka (the student, direct object) (Uttanka (name))

• प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - appeased (Uttanka) (appeased, propitiated, gratified)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one (addressing Uttanka) (O venerable one, O Lord)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance (causal ablative) (from ignorance, out of ignorance)

• एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, this one)

• अन्नम् (annam) - this food (subject) (food)

• सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

• उपहृतम् (upahṛtam) - offered (by me) (offered, brought)

• शीतम् (śītam) - cold (food) (cold)

• च (ca) - and (connecting "with hair" and "cold") (and)

• तत् (tat) - therefore (introducing the plea for forgiveness) (therefore, that)

• क्षामये (kṣāmaye) - I seek forgiveness (from you) (I forgive, I seek forgiveness)

• भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - your venerable self (direct object of seeking forgiveness) (your honor, you (accusative))

• न (na) - not (negating the verb 'bhaveyam') (not, no)

• भवेयम् (bhaveyam) - may I not become (blind) (may I be, I should be)

• अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind (predicative adjective) (blind)

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next in sequence (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (food) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Direct object to 'matvā'.

अन्नम् (annam) - the food (which Pauṣya realized was impure) (food)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Direct object to 'matvā'.

मुक्तकेश्या (muktakeśyā) - by a woman with unbound hair (by a loose-haired woman)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of muktakeśī

muktakeśī - a woman with unbound or disheveled hair

Compound noun: 'mukta' (loosened, released, P.P.P. of √muc) + 'keśa' (hair) + '-ī' (feminine suffix).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukta+keśa)

• mukta – released, loosened, free
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past Passive Participle of √muc (to release)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'upahṛtam'.

स्त्रिया (striyā) - by a woman (further specifying the agent) (by a woman)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Instrumental with muktakeśyā.

उपहृतम् (upahṛtam) - offered (by the woman) (offered, brought)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upahṛta

hṛ - to take, carry, offer

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of √hṛ (to carry, offer) with upasarga upa- (near, to).

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective in accusative singular neuter, modifying 'annam'.

सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakeśa

sakeśa - with hair, hairy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+keśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying annam.

अशुचि (aśuci) - impure (food) (impure, unclean)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean, unholy

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + 'śuci' (pure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying annam.

मत्वा (matvā) - having concluded, considering (having thought, having considered)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Past active participle/absolutive in -tvā from √man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

उत्तङ्कम् (uttaṅkam) - Uttanka (the student, direct object) (Uttanka (name))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - Uttanka (a proper noun, name of a sage)

Note: Direct object of 'prasādayāmāsa'.

प्रसादयामास (prasādayāmāsa) - appeased (Uttanka) (appeased, propitiated, gratified)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of sad

causative

Causative of √sad (to sit, sink) with upasargas pra- and ā-, forming prasādayati (to cause to be clear, to appease). The form 'prasādayāmāsa' is a periphrastic perfect.

Prefixes: pra+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Formed with āsa from √as after the stem prasādaya-

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O venerable one (addressing Uttanka) (O venerable one, O Lord)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, fortunate, divine, venerable, lord

Nominal stem ending in -vat (possessive suffix).

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance (causal ablative) (from ignorance, out of ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience

Compound noun: 'a-' (negation) + 'jñāna' (knowledge).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  Action noun from √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the reason or cause.

एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was'.

अन्नम् (annam) - this food (subject) (food)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Subject noun.

सकेशम् (sakeśam) - (food) containing hair (with hair, hairy)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sakeśa

sakeśa - with hair, hairy

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+keśa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• keśa – hair
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying annam.

उपहृतम् (upahṛtam) - offered (by me) (offered, brought)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upahṛta

hṛ - to take, carry, offer

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle of √hṛ (to carry, offer) with upasarga upa- (near, to).

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as an adjective in nominative singular neuter, modifying 'annam'.

शीतम् (śītam) - cold (food) (cold)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, chilled

past passive participle

Past Passive Participle from √śyai (to freeze), used as adjective.

Root: śyai (class 1)

च (ca) - and (connecting "with hair" and "cold") (and)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - therefore (introducing the plea for forgiveness) (therefore, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a causal adverbial, 'therefore'.

क्षामये (kṣāmaye) - I seek forgiveness (from you) (I forgive, I seek forgiveness)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṣam

causative

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice of the causative verb kṣāmayati (to cause to endure, to ask for pardon, to forgive).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Causative middle, often meaning 'to ask for forgiveness from'.

भवन्तम् (bhavantam) - your venerable self (direct object of seeking forgiveness) (your honor, you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, you, being, existing

present participle

Present active participle of √bhū (to be), used honorifically as a pronoun ('your honor').

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as an honorific second-person pronoun.

न (na) - not (negating the verb 'bhaveyam') (not, no)

(indeclinable)

भवेयम् (bhaveyam) - may I not become (blind) (may I be, I should be)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative mode, 1st person singular, active voice of √bhū (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

अन्धः (andhaḥ) - blind (predicative adjective) (blind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of andha

andha - blind, ignorant

Note: Subject complement for 'bhaveyam'.

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quoted speech (thus, so, end of quote)

(indeclinable)