महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-81, verse-48

ततः शीतवनं गच्छेन्नियतो नियताशनः ।
तीर्थं तत्र महाराज महदन्यत्र दुर्लभम् ॥४८॥

48. tataḥ śītavanaṁ gacchenniyato niyatāśanaḥ ,
tīrthaṁ tatra mahārāja mahadanyatra durlabham.

48. tataḥ śītavanam gacchet niyataḥ niyatāśanaḥ
tīrtham tatra mahārāja mahat anyatra durlabham

48. Then, O great king, one should go to Śītavana, practicing self-restraint and controlling one's diet. There, a great sacred bathing place (tīrtha) is found, which is difficult to find anywhere else.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• शीतवनम् (śītavanam) - to Śītavana (a specific forest)

• गच्छेत् (gacchet) - one should go, he should go

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained

• नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one who has controlled his diet, eating sparingly

• तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - a sacred bathing place, a ford

• तत्र (tatra) - there

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• महत् (mahat) - great, significant

• अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain, rare

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) with 'tasi' suffix

शीतवनम् (śītavanam) - to Śītavana (a specific forest)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śītavana

śītavana - Śītavana (name of a forest)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śīta+vana)

• śīta – cold, cool
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: śī
• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)

गच्छेत् (gacchet) - one should go, he should go

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

नियतः (niyataḥ) - self-controlled, restrained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, self-controlled, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'ni' (upasarga) + 'yam' (root) + 'kta' (suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

नियताशनः (niyatāśanaḥ) - one who has controlled his diet, eating sparingly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyatāśana

niyatāśana - one whose food is regulated, eating sparingly

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+āśana)

• niyata – restrained, controlled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ni' + 'yam'
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• āśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'aś' (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

तीर्थम् (tīrtham) - a sacred bathing place, a ford

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tīrtha

tīrtha - sacred place, holy bathing place, ford

Root: tṝ (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) with 'tral' suffix

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of 'mahat' (great) and 'rājan' (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  Root: mah
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

महत् (mahat) - great, significant

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Present Active Participle

From root 'mah' (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

अन्यत्र (anyatra) - elsewhere, in another place

(indeclinable)

From 'anya' (another) with 'tral' suffix

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain, rare

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, inaccessible

Compound of 'dur' (prefix indicating difficulty) and 'labha' (obtainable)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+labha)

• dur – bad, difficult
  prefix
• labha – gain, acquisition, obtainable
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)