महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-81, verse-159

एकरात्रं समासाद्य एकरात्रोषितो नरः ।
नियतः सत्यवादी च ब्रह्मलोके महीयते ॥१५९॥

159. ekarātraṁ samāsādya ekarātroṣito naraḥ ,
niyataḥ satyavādī ca brahmaloke mahīyate.

159. ekarātram samāsādya ekarātropoṣitaḥ naraḥ
niyataḥ satyavādī ca brahmaloke mahīyate

159. A person who, having observed a fast for one night and being disciplined and truthful, reaches (a sacred place for) one night is honored in the world of Brahmā.

Words meanings summery:

• एकरात्रम् (ekarātram) - one night, for one night

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having attained, having reached

• एकरात्रोपोषितः (ekarātropoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for one night, having fasted for one night

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - restrained, disciplined, self-controlled

• सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker, one who speaks the truth

• च (ca) - and

• ब्रह्मलोके (brahmaloke) - in the world of Brahmā

• महीयते (mahīyate) - he is honored, he is glorified

Words meanings and morphology

एकरात्रम् (ekarātram) - one night, for one night

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ekarātra

ekarātra - one night, a period of one night

Compound type : dvigu (eka+rātra)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (neuter)
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Can denote duration or a specific instance.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having attained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root *sad* (to sit, go) with prefixes *sam* and *ā*.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: It is an absolutive, hence indeclinable.

एकरात्रोपोषितः (ekarātropoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for one night, having fasted for one night

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekarātropoṣita

ekarātropoṣita - one who has fasted for one night

Past Passive Participle

Compound of ekarātra (one night) and upoṣita (fasted), from root *vas* (to dwell) with *upa*.

Compound type : tatpurusha (ekarātra+upoṣita)

• ekarātra – one night
  noun (neuter)
• upoṣita – fasted, abstained, dwelt near
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root *vas* (to dwell) with prefix *upa*.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Acts as an agent noun here, modifying `naraḥ`.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of `mahīyate`.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - restrained, disciplined, self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, disciplined, controlled, fixed, regulated

Past Passive Participle

From root *yam* (to restrain, control) with prefix *ni*.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `naraḥ`.

सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker, one who speaks the truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - truth-speaker, veracious, truthful

agent noun

Compound of *satya* (truth) and *vādin* (speaker). From root *vad* (to speak).

Compound type : compound (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth, true, reality
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root *vad* (to speak).
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies `naraḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `niyataḥ` and `satyavādī`.

ब्रह्मलोके (brahmaloke) - in the world of Brahmā

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brahmaloka

brahmaloka - the world of Brahmā, the highest heaven

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (brahman+loka)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator deity), the Absolute (brahman)
  proper noun (masculine)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

महीयते (mahīyate) - he is honored, he is glorified

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of mahī

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada) of a denominative verb from *mahat* (great)

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: From a denominative root 'mahīya'.