महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-81, verse-157

सम्यग्द्वादश वर्षाणि बदरान्भक्षयेत्तु यः ।
त्रिरात्रोपोषितश्चैव भवेत्तुल्यो नराधिप ॥१५७॥

157. samyagdvādaśa varṣāṇi badarānbhakṣayettu yaḥ ,
trirātropoṣitaścaiva bhavettulyo narādhipa.

157. samyak dvādaśa varṣāṇi badarān bhakṣayet tu yaḥ
trirātropoṣitaḥ ca eva bhavet tulyaḥ narādhipa

157. O king, whoever properly eats jujube fruits for twelve years, while also fasting for three nights, becomes equal (to a deity or revered person).

Words meanings summery:

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, accurately

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• बदरान् (badarān) - jujube fruits

• भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - he should eat, one should eat

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• त्रिरात्रोपोषितः (trirātropoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for three nights, having fasted for three nights

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he should be, he becomes

• तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal (to a revered person or deity, by implication of the merit) (equal, similar)

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, ruler of men

Words meanings and morphology

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, completely, accurately

(indeclinable)

Note: This is an adverbial form.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Note: Adjective-like use with `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, rainy season

Note: Duration of time.

बदरान् (badarān) - jujube fruits

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of badara

badara - jujube fruit (Ziziphus mauritiana), jujube tree

भक्षयेत् (bhakṣayet) - he should eat, one should eat

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhakṣ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice; desiderative of root *bhaj*

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The subject `yaḥ` refers to this verb.

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

त्रिरात्रोपोषितः (trirātropoṣitaḥ) - one who has fasted for three nights, having fasted for three nights

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trirātropoṣita

trirātropoṣita - one who has fasted for three nights

Past Passive Participle

Compound of trirātra (three nights) and upoṣita (fasted), from root *vas* (to dwell) with *upa*.

Compound type : tatpurusha (trirātra+upoṣita)

• trirātra – three nights
  noun (neuter)
• upoṣita – fasted, abstained, dwelt near
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root *vas* (to dwell) with prefix *upa*.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Acts as an agent noun here, modifying `yaḥ`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two conditions.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - he would be, he should be, he becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

तुल्यः (tulyaḥ) - equal (to a revered person or deity, by implication of the merit) (equal, similar)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, comparable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from *tulā* (balance/scale), meaning 'to be weighed equally'.

Root: tul (class 10)

Note: Modifies the implied subject `yaḥ`.

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king, ruler of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound type : genitive tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi