महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-80

एषामेकैकशोऽर्थानां सौक्ष्म्यादीनां सुलक्षणम् ।
शृणु संसार्यमाणानां पदार्थैः पदवाक्यतः ॥८०॥

80. eṣāmekaikaśo'rthānāṁ saukṣmyādīnāṁ sulakṣaṇam ,
śṛṇu saṁsāryamāṇānāṁ padārthaiḥ padavākyataḥ.

80. eṣām ekaikasśaḥ arthānām saukṣmya ādīnām sulakṣaṇam
śṛṇu saṃsāryamāṇānām padārthaiḥ padavākyataḥ

80. śṛṇu,
eṣām saukṣmya ādīnām arthānām ekaikasśaḥ sulakṣaṇam,
(ca yāni) padārthaiḥ padavākyataḥ saṃsāryamāṇānām.

80. Listen to the distinct characteristics of each of these meanings, starting with subtlety, as they are understood through word-meanings (padārtha) and by means of words and sentences.

Words meanings summery:

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (meanings mentioned in the previous verse) (of these)

• एकैकस्शः (ekaikasśaḥ) - individually (describing how the definitions are to be heard) (individually, one by one)

• अर्थानाम् (arthānām) - of meanings (the categories of meaning described) (of meanings, of objects, of purposes)

• सौक्ष्म्य (saukṣmya) - subtlety (as the first of the categories) (subtlety)

• आदीनाम् (ādīnām) - of those beginning with (saukṣmya) (of those beginning with, etc.)

• सुलक्षणम् (sulakṣaṇam) - clear definition (of the meanings) (good definition, clear characteristic)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to these definitions) (listen, hear)

• संसार्यमाणानाम् (saṁsāryamāṇānām) - of those (meanings) being conveyed or explained (of those being conveyed, being circulated, being explained)

• पदार्थैः (padārthaiḥ) - by individual word-meanings (that make up a sentence) (by word-meanings, by categories)

• पदवाक्यतः (padavākyataḥ) - through words and sentences (by means of words and sentences, through words and sentences)

Words meanings and morphology

एषाम् (eṣām) - of these (meanings mentioned in the previous verse) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the 'artha-jātāni' (categories of meaning) from the previous verse.

एकैकस्शः (ekaikasśaḥ) - individually (describing how the definitions are to be heard) (individually, one by one)

(indeclinable)

From ekaika (each one) + śaḥ (distributive suffix).

Note: Adverbial.

अर्थानाम् (arthānām) - of meanings (the categories of meaning described) (of meanings, of objects, of purposes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, object, purpose, category

सौक्ष्म्य (saukṣmya) - subtlety (as the first of the categories) (subtlety)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saukṣmya

saukṣmya - subtlety, minuteness, fineness

From sūkṣma + ṣyañ.

Note: First part of the compound 'saukṣmyādīnām'.

आदीनाम् (ādīnām) - of those beginning with (saukṣmya) (of those beginning with, etc.)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ādi

ādi - beginning, start, etcetera, and so on

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saukṣmya+ādi)

• saukṣmya – subtlety
  noun (neuter)
  From sūkṣma + ṣyañ.
• ādi – beginning, start, etc.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the list of categories in the previous verse.

सुलक्षणम् (sulakṣaṇam) - clear definition (of the meanings) (good definition, clear characteristic)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sulakṣaṇa

sulakṣaṇa - having good marks, well-defined, clear characteristic, good definition

From su- (good) + lakṣaṇa (characteristic, definition).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+lakṣaṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, definition
  noun (neuter)
  From root √lakṣ (to mark, perceive).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to these definitions) (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, Imperative Mood, Active Voice, loṭ lakara.

Root: śru (class 5)

संसार्यमाणानाम् (saṁsāryamāṇānām) - of those (meanings) being conveyed or explained (of those being conveyed, being circulated, being explained)

(participle)

Genitive, neuter, plural of saṃsāryamāṇa

saṁsāryamāṇa - being moved, being circulated, being conveyed, being transmitted

Present Passive Participle

From sam-√sṛ (to move together, to flow) in causative sār + śānac suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'arthānām'.

पदार्थैः (padārthaiḥ) - by individual word-meanings (that make up a sentence) (by word-meanings, by categories)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of padārtha

padārtha - meaning of a word, word-meaning, category, thing

From pada (word) + artha (meaning).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pada+artha)

• pada – word, step, foot
  noun (neuter)
• artha – meaning, object, purpose
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'saṃsāryamāṇānām'.

पदवाक्यतः (padavākyataḥ) - through words and sentences (by means of words and sentences, through words and sentences)

(indeclinable)

tasi suffix for 'by means of' or 'from'.

Compound type : dvandva (pada+vākya)

• pada – word, foot
  noun (neuter)
• vākya – sentence, statement, discourse
  noun (neuter)
  From vāc + ya.
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Formed with 'tasi' suffix to indicate 'by means of' or 'from'.