महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-144

दाने कोशक्षयो ह्यस्य वैरं चाप्यप्रयच्छतः ।
क्षणेनास्योपवर्तन्ते दोषा वैराग्यकारकाः ॥१४४॥

144. dāne kośakṣayo hyasya vairaṁ cāpyaprayacchataḥ ,
kṣaṇenāsyopavartante doṣā vairāgyakārakāḥ.

144. dāne kośakṣayaḥ hi asya vairam ca api aprayacchataḥ
kṣaṇena asya upavartante doṣāḥ vairāgyakārakāḥ

144. dāne hi asya kośakṣayaḥ ca aprayacchataḥ api asya
vairam kṣaṇena asya vairāgyakārakāḥ doṣāḥ upavartante

144. Indeed, in giving (dāna), his treasury is depleted. And for one who does not give (dāna), there is also enmity. In an instant, faults that cause dispassion (vairāgya) or aversion arise for him.

Words meanings summery:

• दाने (dāne) - in giving, in charity, concerning a gift

• कोशक्षयः (kośakṣayaḥ) - depletion of treasure, loss of treasury

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अप्रयच्छतः (aprayacchataḥ) - of one who does not give, for one not giving

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly, quickly

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - they arise, they occur, they appear

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, vices

• वैराग्यकारकाः (vairāgyakārakāḥ) - causing dispassion, producing aversion

Words meanings and morphology

दाने (dāne) - in giving, in charity, concerning a gift

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity, liberality

From root dā 'to give', nominalized.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Refers to the act of giving.

कोशक्षयः (kośakṣayaḥ) - depletion of treasure, loss of treasury

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kośakṣaya

kośakṣaya - depletion of a treasury, loss of funds

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kośa+kṣaya)

• kośa – treasure, treasury, fund, sheath
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – loss, destruction, decay, diminution, end
  noun (masculine)
  From root kṣi 'to diminish, destroy'.
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Subject in the first clause.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the rich man.

वैरम् (vairam) - enmity, hostility, hatred

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, hatred, animosity

From vīra (hero) + aṇ (of heroes, or in opposition to heroes).

Note: Subject in the second clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kośakṣayaḥ' and 'vairam'.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'vairam' for the non-giver.

अप्रयच्छतः (aprayacchataḥ) - of one who does not give, for one not giving

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aprayacchat

aprayacchat - not giving, withholding

Present Active Participle

Negative participle from root yam (to give, offer) with upasarga pra and negation a-.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prayacchat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• prayacchat – giving, offering
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of pra-yam.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person mentioned in verse 97773.

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly, quickly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - moment, instant, very short time

Note: Indicates speed.

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the rich man.

उपवर्तन्ते (upavartante) - they arise, they occur, they appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of upa-vṛt

Present 3rd Person Plural

From root vṛt with upasarga upa, present tense, ātmanepada.

Prefix: upa

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'doṣāḥ'.

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults, defects, vices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, error, sin

From root duṣ 'to be bad'.

Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'upavartante'.

वैराग्यकारकाः (vairāgyakārakāḥ) - causing dispassion, producing aversion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vairāgyakāraka

vairāgyakāraka - causing dispassion, producing aversion, leading to detachment

Compound adjective, from vairāgya and kāraka (causing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vairāgya+kāraka)

• vairāgya – dispassion, detachment, aversion, indifference
  noun (neuter)
  From virāga (absence of passion/attachment) + ya (suffix).
• kāraka – causing, making, producer, agent
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root kṛ 'to do, make' with suffix -aka.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'doṣāḥ'.