महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-156

तेषु तेषु हि कालेषु तत्तदङ्गं विशिष्यते ।
येन यत्सिध्यते कार्यं तत्प्राधान्याय कल्पते ॥१५६॥

156. teṣu teṣu hi kāleṣu tattadaṅgaṁ viśiṣyate ,
yena yatsidhyate kāryaṁ tatprādhānyāya kalpate.

156. teṣu teṣu hi kāleṣu tat tat aṅgam viśiṣyate yena
yat sidhyate kāryam tat prādhānyāya kalpate

156. hi teṣu teṣu kāleṣu tat tat aṅgam viśiṣyate yena
yat kāryam sidhyate tat prādhānyāya kalpate

156. Indeed, in various situations, each specific constituent becomes preeminent. Whichever constituent accomplishes a particular task is then considered suitable for leadership.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those (different) (in those)

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those (different) (in those)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, for, certainly)

• कालेषु (kāleṣu) - in different circumstances or situations (in times, in circumstances)

• तत् (tat) - each particular (that, each)

• तत् (tat) - each particular (that, each)

• अङ्गम् (aṅgam) - a constituent (of the state) (limb, part, constituent)

• विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - becomes preeminent, excels (is distinguished, excels, is superior)

• येन (yena) - by which (constituent) (by which, by whom)

• यत् (yat) - whichever (task) (which, whatever)

• सिध्यते (sidhyate) - is accomplished (referring to a task) (is accomplished, succeeds, is fulfilled)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - a particular task or objective (task, duty, work, that which is to be done)

• तत् (tat) - that (constituent) (that, such a one)

• प्राधान्याय (prādhānyāya) - for a position of preeminence or leadership (for preeminence, for superiority)

• कल्पते (kalpate) - becomes suitable for, is deemed fit for (is able, is fit, becomes, serves for)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषु (teṣu) - in those (different) (in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'kāleṣu'. Repetition 'teṣu teṣu' signifies 'in various/different'.

तेषु (teṣu) - in those (different) (in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with 'kāleṣu'. Repetition 'teṣu teṣu' signifies 'in various/different'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle) (indeed, for, certainly)

(indeclinable)

कालेषु (kāleṣu) - in different circumstances or situations (in times, in circumstances)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kāla

kāla - time, occasion, circumstance

तत् (tat) - each particular (that, each)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'aṅgam'.

तत् (tat) - each particular (that, each)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'aṅgam'.

अङ्गम् (aṅgam) - a constituent (of the state) (limb, part, constituent)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aṅga

aṅga - limb, part, constituent, body

विशिष्यते (viśiṣyate) - becomes preeminent, excels (is distinguished, excels, is superior)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vi-śiṣ

Present passive indicative 3rd person singular of √śiṣ with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

येन (yena) - by which (constituent) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Connects to 'sidhyate' (by which something is accomplished).

यत् (yat) - whichever (task) (which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Note: Agrees with 'kāryam'.

सिध्यते (sidhyate) - is accomplished (referring to a task) (is accomplished, succeeds, is fulfilled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of sidh

Present passive indicative 3rd person singular of √sidh.

Root: sidh (class 4)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - a particular task or objective (task, duty, work, that which is to be done)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, duty, business, purpose, that which is to be done

gerundive

Gerundive from √kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत् (tat) - that (constituent) (that, such a one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers back to the 'aṅgam' (constituent) implicitly understood from 'yena'.

प्राधान्याय (prādhānyāya) - for a position of preeminence or leadership (for preeminence, for superiority)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of prādhānya

prādhānya - preeminence, superiority, principal position

Derived from 'pradhāna' (chief, principal).

Note: Indicates purpose 'for preeminence'.

कल्पते (kalpate) - becomes suitable for, is deemed fit for (is able, is fit, becomes, serves for)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kḷp

Present middle indicative 3rd person singular of √kḷp.

Root: kḷp (class 1)