महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-141

स्वप्तुकामो न लभते स्वप्तुं कार्यार्थिभिर्जनैः ।
शयने चाप्यनुज्ञातः सुप्त उत्थाप्यतेऽवशः ॥१४१॥

141. svaptukāmo na labhate svaptuṁ kāryārthibhirjanaiḥ ,
śayane cāpyanujñātaḥ supta utthāpyate'vaśaḥ.

141. svaptu-kāmaḥ na labhate svaptum kārya-arthibhiḥ janaiḥ
śayane ca api anujñātaḥ suptaḥ utthāpyate avaśaḥ

141. svaptu-kāmaḥ (saḥ) kārya-arthibhiḥ janaiḥ (svaptum) na labhate.
śayane ca api anujñātaḥ suptaḥ (san),
avaśaḥ utthāpyate.

141. One who wishes to sleep does not get to sleep due to people seeking work. And even if permitted to rest in bed, once asleep, he is helplessly awakened.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वप्तु-कामः (svaptu-kāmaḥ) - desirous of sleeping, wishing to sleep

• न (na) - not, no

• लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he gets, he attains

• स्वप्तुम् (svaptum) - to sleep

• कार्य-अर्थिभिः (kārya-arthibhiḥ) - by people who come to the king with official business (by those seeking work, by petitioners)

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by persons

• शयने (śayane) - in bed, on the couch, in sleep

• च (ca) - and, moreover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

• सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - asleep, having slept

• उत्थाप्यते (utthāpyate) - he is awakened, he is caused to rise

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, not master of oneself

Words meanings and morphology

स्वप्तु-कामः (svaptu-kāmaḥ) - desirous of sleeping, wishing to sleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svaptukāma

svaptukāma - one who desires to sleep

Compound formed from infinitive 'svaptum' (to sleep) and 'kāma' (desire/desirous).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svaptum+kāma)

• svaptum – to sleep
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive form of '√svap'.
  Root: √svap (class 2)
• kāma – desire, wish, love; desiring, wishing (as a suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'na labhate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'labhate'.

लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he gets, he attains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √labh

Present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

Root '√labh' (class 1).

Root: √labh (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'svaptu-kāmaḥ'.

स्वप्तुम् (svaptum) - to sleep

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of '√svap' (to sleep).

Root: √svap (class 2)

कार्य-अर्थिभिः (kārya-arthibhiḥ) - by people who come to the king with official business (by those seeking work, by petitioners)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāryārthin

kāryārthin - one who seeks work, one who has business, a petitioner

Compound of 'kārya' (work) and 'arthin' (seeker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kārya+arthin)

• kārya – work, business, duty, to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From '√kṛ', suffix '-ya'.
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• arthin – seeker, desirous, applicant, petitioner
  adjective
  From 'artha' (purpose) + '-in'.

Note: Agent causing the king's inability to sleep.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people, by persons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, people, creature

Note: Coordinates with 'kārya-arthibhiḥ'.

शयने (śayane) - in bed, on the couch, in sleep

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, lying down, sleeping

From '√śī' (to lie down).

Root: √śī (class 2)

Note: Denotes the location.

च (ca) - and, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अनुज्ञातः (anujñātaḥ) - permitted, allowed, sanctioned

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anujñāta

anujñāta - permitted, allowed, sanctioned, known

Past Passive Participle

From 'anu-√jñā' (to permit, assent).

Prefix: anu

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as an adjective for the subject of 'utthāpyate'.

सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - asleep, having slept

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, having slept

Past Passive Participle

From '√svap' (to sleep).

Root: √svap (class 2)

Note: Functions as an adjective/state for the subject.

उत्थाप्यते (utthāpyate) - he is awakened, he is caused to rise

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √sthā

Present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, Causative Passive

From 'ut-√sthā' (to rise) with causative suffix '-paya-' and passive ending '-te'.

Prefix: ut

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject is the implied king.

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, not master of oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, not under one's own control, dependent

From 'a-' (not) + 'vaśa' (control).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vaśa – will, power, control, subjection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implied king.