महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-151

द्वंद्वैस्तैस्तैरुपहतः सर्वतः परिशङ्कितः ।
बहुप्रत्यर्थिकं राज्यमुपास्ते गणयन्निशाः ॥१५१॥

151. dvaṁdvaistaistairupahataḥ sarvataḥ pariśaṅkitaḥ ,
bahupratyarthikaṁ rājyamupāste gaṇayanniśāḥ.

151. dvandvaiḥ taiḥ taiḥ upahataḥ sarvataḥ pariśaṅkitaḥ
bahupratyarthikam rājyam upāste gaṇayan niśāḥ

151. taiḥ taiḥ dvandvaiḥ upahataḥ sarvataḥ pariśaṅkitaḥ
rājyam bahupratyarthikam upāste niśāḥ gaṇayan

151. Afflicted by various pairs of opposites, always apprehensive from all directions, he rules a kingdom that has many rivals, counting the nights (with worry).

Words meanings summery:

• द्वन्द्वैः (dvandvaiḥ) - by dualities, by pairs of opposites

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by various

• उपहतः (upahataḥ) - afflicted, struck, harmed, distressed

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

• परिशङ्कितः (pariśaṅkitaḥ) - greatly apprehended, very suspicious, full of doubts

• बहुप्रत्यर्थिकम् (bahupratyarthikam) - having many rivals, with many adversaries

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• उपास्ते (upāste) - attends to, serves, worships, governs, enjoys

• गणयन् (gaṇayan) - counting, reckoning

• निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

Words meanings and morphology

द्वन्द्वैः (dvandvaiḥ) - by dualities, by pairs of opposites

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dvandva

dvandva - pair, couple, duality, pair of opposites (e.g., pleasure and pain, heat and cold)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those, by various

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

उपहतः (upahataḥ) - afflicted, struck, harmed, distressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upahata

upahata - struck, afflicted, hurt, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'upa' + root 'han' (to strike, kill) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: upa

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere, completely

(indeclinable)

From 'sarva' (all) + suffix 'tas' indicating direction/manner.

परिशङ्कितः (pariśaṅkitaḥ) - greatly apprehended, very suspicious, full of doubts

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pariśaṅkita

pariśaṅkita - suspected, doubted, apprehensive, anxious

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'pari' + root 'śaṅk' (to doubt, suspect) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: pari

Root: śaṅk (class 1)

बहुप्रत्यर्थिकम् (bahupratyarthikam) - having many rivals, with many adversaries

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahupratyarthika

bahupratyarthika - having many opponents/enemies

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+pratyarthika)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• pratyarthika – opponent, adversary, rival
  noun (masculine)
  From 'prati' (against) + 'artha' (aim, object) + '-ika' (agent suffix).
  Prefix: prati

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule, royal power

From 'rājan' (king) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

उपास्ते (upāste) - attends to, serves, worships, governs, enjoys

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upa-ās

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada.

From root 'ās' (to sit, dwell) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The middle voice (ātmanepada) here indicates the action is for one's own benefit.

गणयन् (gaṇayan) - counting, reckoning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaṇayat

gaṇayat - counting, reckoning

Present Active Participle

From root 'gaṇ' (to count) + suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Expresses a simultaneous action.

निशाः (niśāḥ) - nights

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of niśā

niśā - night

Note: The plural indicates 'many nights' or 'the nights one by one'.