महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-79

सौक्ष्म्यं संख्याक्रमौ चोभौ निर्णयः सप्रयोजनः ।
पञ्चैतान्यर्थजातानि वाक्यमित्युच्यते नृप ॥७९॥

79. saukṣmyaṁ saṁkhyākramau cobhau nirṇayaḥ saprayojanaḥ ,
pañcaitānyarthajātāni vākyamityucyate nṛpa.

79. saukṣmyam saṅkhyā kramau ca ubhau nirṇayaḥ saprayojanaḥ
pañca etāni artha jātāni vākyam iti ucyate nṛpa

79. nṛpa,
saukṣmyam,
saṅkhyā kramau ca ubhau,
saprayojanaḥ nirṇayaḥ,
etāni pañca artha jātāni vākyam iti ucyate.

79. O king, these five categories of meaning—subtlety, both enumeration and order, and conclusion with purpose—are called a statement (vākyam).

Words meanings summery:

• सौक्ष्म्यम् (saukṣmyam) - subtlety (as a quality of a statement) (subtlety, minuteness)

• सङ्ख्या (saṅkhyā) - enumeration (as a quality of a statement) (enumeration, number)

• क्रमौ (kramau) - order (as a quality of a statement), along with enumeration ((the two) orders, sequences)

• च (ca) - and

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (enumeration and order) (both)

• निर्णयः (nirṇayaḥ) - conclusion (as a quality of a statement) (conclusion, determination)

• सप्रयोजनः (saprayojanaḥ) - having a purpose (modifying conclusion) (with purpose, having utility)

• पञ्च (pañca) - these five (categories) (five)

• एतानि (etāni) - these (categories of meaning) (these)

• अर्थ (artha) - meaning (as in category of meaning) (meaning, purpose, category)

• जातानि (jātāni) - categories, kinds (of meaning) (kinds, categories)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, discourse (statement, sentence, discourse)

• इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or definition (thus, so, in this way)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (a statement) (is said, is called)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king (vocative address) (O king)

Words meanings and morphology

सौक्ष्म्यम् (saukṣmyam) - subtlety (as a quality of a statement) (subtlety, minuteness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saukṣmya

saukṣmya - subtlety, minuteness, fineness

From sūkṣma (subtle) with ṣyañ suffix for abstract noun.

Note: One of the five categories of meaning.

सङ्ख्या (saṅkhyā) - enumeration (as a quality of a statement) (enumeration, number)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṅkhyā

saṅkhyā - enumeration, number, calculation, sum

From sam-√khyā (to count, reckon).

Prefix: sam

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Stem form in a compound for enumeration.

क्रमौ (kramau) - order (as a quality of a statement), along with enumeration ((the two) orders, sequences)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of krama

krama - order, sequence, step, course

From root √kram (to step, go).

Compound type : dvandva (saṅkhyā+krama)

• saṅkhyā – enumeration, number
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-√khyā.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)
• krama – order, sequence
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kram.
  Root: kram (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (enumeration and order) (both)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both (always used in dual)

Note: Agrees with 'saṅkhyākramau'.

निर्णयः (nirṇayaḥ) - conclusion (as a quality of a statement) (conclusion, determination)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirṇaya

nirṇaya - conclusion, determination, decision, ascertainment

From nis-√ṇī (to lead out, decide).

Prefix: nis

Root: ṇī (class 1)

Note: One of the five categories.

सप्रयोजनः (saprayojanaḥ) - having a purpose (modifying conclusion) (with purpose, having utility)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saprayojana

saprayojana - with a motive, having an object, useful, purposeful

From sa- (with) + prayojana (purpose).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+prayojana)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• prayojana – purpose, aim, motive, utility
  noun (neuter)
  From pra-√yuj (to apply, engage) + ana suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'nirṇayaḥ'.

पञ्च (pañca) - these five (categories) (five)

(numeral adjective)

Note: Adjective for 'arthajātāni'.

एतानि (etāni) - these (categories of meaning) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjective for 'arthajātāni'.

अर्थ (artha) - meaning (as in category of meaning) (meaning, purpose, category)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, category

Note: First part of the compound 'artha-jāta'.

जातानि (jātāni) - categories, kinds (of meaning) (kinds, categories)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, grown, originated from, kind, category

Past Passive Participle

From root √jan (to be born) + kta suffix. Often used to mean 'category' or 'class'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+jāta)

• artha – meaning, object, category
  noun (masculine)
• jāta – born, produced, kind, category
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √jan.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: The entire compound 'arthajātāni' means 'categories of meaning'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - statement, discourse (statement, sentence, discourse)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, discourse

From vāc (speech) + ya suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - indicating direct speech or definition (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a definition or to indicate quoted speech.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (a statement) (is said, is called)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present Middle Passive

3rd person singular, Present Tense, Middle Voice (Passive), lat lakara.

Root: vac (class 2)

नृप (nṛpa) - O king (vocative address) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (literally 'protector of men')

From nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from √pā 'to protect').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)