महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
अपरित्यज्य गार्हस्थ्यं कुरुराजर्षिसत्तम ।
कः प्राप्तो विनयं बुद्ध्या मोक्षतत्त्वं वदस्व मे ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
aparityajya gārhasthyaṁ kururājarṣisattama ,
kaḥ prāpto vinayaṁ buddhyā mokṣatattvaṁ vadasva me.

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca aparityajya gārhasthyaṃ kururājarṣisattama
kaḥ prāptaḥ vinayaṃ buddhyā mokṣatattvaṃ vadasva me

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: kururājarṣisattama,
gārhasthyaṃ aparityajya buddhyā vinayaṃ kaḥ prāptaḥ? me mokṣatattvaṃ vadasva.

1. Yudhishthira said: O best among the royal sages of the Kurus, who attained self-control (vinaya) through wisdom (buddhi) without abandoning the householder's life (gārhasthya)? Please tell me the truth about liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• अपरित्यज्य (aparityajya) - without abandoning, not forsaking

• गार्हस्थ्यं (gārhasthyaṁ) - the householder's life (gārhasthya)

• कुरुराजर्षिसत्तम (kururājarṣisattama) - O best among the royal sages of the Kurus

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached

• विनयं (vinayaṁ) - discipline, humility, self-control

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by wisdom, by intellect (buddhi)

• मोक्षतत्त्वं (mokṣatattvaṁ) - the truth about liberation (mokṣa)

• वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell, speak

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Yudhishthira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (a name meaning 'firm in battle')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अपरित्यज्य (aparityajya) - without abandoning, not forsaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root tyaj with prefix pari and a- (negation)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parityajya)

• a – not
  indeclinable
• parityajya – having abandoned
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  from root tyaj with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: tyaj (class 1)

गार्हस्थ्यं (gārhasthyaṁ) - the householder's life (gārhasthya)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - the state or duty of a householder, householder's life

from gṛhastha (householder)

कुरुराजर्षिसत्तम (kururājarṣisattama) - O best among the royal sages of the Kurus

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kururājarṣisattama

kururājarṣisattama - best among the royal sages of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+rājarṣi+sattama)

• kuru – Kuru (name of a dynasty/region)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājarṣi – royal sage
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of sat (good)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

from root āp with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

विनयं (vinayaṁ) - discipline, humility, self-control

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - discipline, humility, modesty, good conduct, self-control

from root nī with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by wisdom, by intellect (buddhi)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, reason, understanding, wisdom

from root budh (to know)

Root: budh (class 1)

मोक्षतत्त्वं (mokṣatattvaṁ) - the truth about liberation (mokṣa)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mokṣatattva

mokṣatattva - the truth of liberation, the principle of liberation

Compound type : tatpurusha (mokṣa+tattva)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, emancipation
  noun (masculine)
  from root muc (to free)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)

वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

Note: alternate form for dative and genitive singular of asmad