महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
जनकस्य च संवादं सुलभायाश्च भारत ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
janakasya ca saṁvādaṁ sulabhāyāśca bhārata.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam janakasya ca saṃvādam sulabhāyāḥ ca bhārata

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bhārata atra api imam purātanam itihāsam
janakasya ca sulabhāyāḥ ca saṃvādam udāharanti

3. Bhishma said: In this regard, they also narrate this ancient historical account, the dialogue between Janaka and Sulabha, O Bhārata.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this regard

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they exemplify

• इमम् (imam) - this

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical account, legend, tradition

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

• जनकस्य (janakasya) - of Janaka

• च (ca) - and, also

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation

• सुलभायाः (sulabhāyāḥ) - of Sulabha

• च (ca) - and, also

• भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhishthira (addressed to the Pāṇḍavas, specifically Yudhishthira, by Bhishma in the Mahabharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior, son of Shantanu and Ganga)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this regard

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'idam' or pronominal base 'a' + 'tra'

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they exemplify

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ud-ā-hṛ

Present Active

Root 'hṛ' with prefixes 'ud' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject 'they' is implied, referring to those who recount traditions.

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - historical account, legend, tradition

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, epic narrative

From 'iti ha āsa' (thus it was).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old, traditional

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

From 'purā' (formerly) + suffix 'tana'.

जनकस्य (janakasya) - of Janaka

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (name of a king of Videha, father of Sita)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In relation to 'saṃvādam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Janaka and Sulabha.

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - dialogue, conversation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - dialogue, conversation, concord

From root 'vad' (to speak) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

सुलभायाः (sulabhāyāḥ) - of Sulabha

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sulabhā

sulabhā - Sulabha (name of a female ascetic)

Feminine noun ending in 'ā'.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: In relation to 'saṃvādam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Janaka and Sulabha.

भारत (bhārata) - O Yudhishthira (addressed to the Pāṇḍavas, specifically Yudhishthira, by Bhishma in the Mahabharata) (O descendant of Bharata)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

Derived from Bharata.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: A common address in the Mahabharata.