महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-168

नियमो ह्येष धर्मेषु यतीनां शून्यवासिता ।
शून्यमावासयन्त्या च मया किं कस्य दूषितम् ॥१६८॥

168. niyamo hyeṣa dharmeṣu yatīnāṁ śūnyavāsitā ,
śūnyamāvāsayantyā ca mayā kiṁ kasya dūṣitam.

168. niyamaḥ hi eṣaḥ dharmeṣu yatīnām śūnyavāsitā
| śūnyam āvāsayantya ca mayā kim kasya dūṣitam

168. hi eṣaḥ dharmeṣu yatīnām śūnyavāsitā niyamaḥ
ca śūnyam āvāsayantya mayā kasya kim dūṣitam

168. Indeed, this is a principle (dharma) for ascetics (yati) to dwell in emptiness. What harm have I caused to anyone by dwelling in emptiness?

Words meanings summery:

• नियमः (niyamaḥ) - rule (rule, regulation, principle, restraint)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - among the principles (dharma) (in natural laws, in principles, in duties, in virtues)

• यतीनाम् (yatīnām) - for ascetics (yati) (of ascetics, of renunciants)

• शून्यवासिता (śūnyavāsitā) - dwelling in emptiness (the state of dwelling in emptiness, dwelling in a void)

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - emptiness (emptiness, void, empty space)

• आवासयन्त्य (āvāsayantya) - by dwelling (by dwelling, by residing, by making dwell)

• च (ca) - and

• मया (mayā) - by me

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• कस्य (kasya) - to whom (anyone) (of whom, to whom)

• दूषितम् (dūṣitam) - harmed (corrupted, harmed, defiled, soiled)

Words meanings and morphology

नियमः (niyamaḥ) - rule (rule, regulation, principle, restraint)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyama

niyama - rule, regulation, precept, restraint, discipline

ni + yam (to restrain)

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: agrees with niyamaḥ

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - among the principles (dharma) (in natural laws, in principles, in duties, in virtues)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, virtue, righteousness, religion

root dhṛ (to uphold)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यतीनाम् (yatīnām) - for ascetics (yati) (of ascetics, of renunciants)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yati

yati - ascetic, renunciant, one who has subdued passions

root yat (to strive)

Root: yat (class 1)

शून्यवासिता (śūnyavāsitā) - dwelling in emptiness (the state of dwelling in emptiness, dwelling in a void)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śūnyavāsitā

śūnyavāsitā - the state of dwelling in emptiness, dwelling in a void

derived from śūnya (empty) + vāsin (dweller) + tā (suffix for state)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śūnya+vāsin)

• śūnya – empty, void, deserted
  adjective (neuter)
• vāsin – dweller, resident, inhabiting
  adjective (masculine)
  root vas (to dwell) + ṇini suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - emptiness (emptiness, void, empty space)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted; emptiness, void

Note: object of the action 'āvāsayantya'

आवासयन्त्य (āvāsayantya) - by dwelling (by dwelling, by residing, by making dwell)

(participle)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of āvāsayat

āvāsayat - dwelling, residing, causing to dwell

present active participle (causative)

ā + vas (to dwell) + causative ṇic + śatṛ suffix, feminine instrumental singular (stem āvāsayantī)

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(interrogative pronoun)

कस्य (kasya) - to whom (anyone) (of whom, to whom)

(interrogative pronoun)

दूषितम् (dūṣitam) - harmed (corrupted, harmed, defiled, soiled)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dūṣita

dūṣita - corrupted, harmed, defiled, spoiled

Past Passive Participle

root dūṣ (to spoil, defile)

Root: dūṣ (class 4)