महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-109

ऊर्ध्वमेकोनविंशत्याः कालो नामापरो गुणः ।
इतीमं विद्धि विंशत्या भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययम् ॥१०९॥

109. ūrdhvamekonaviṁśatyāḥ kālo nāmāparo guṇaḥ ,
itīmaṁ viddhi viṁśatyā bhūtānāṁ prabhavāpyayam.

109. ūrdhvam ekonaviṃśatyāḥ kālaḥ nāma aparaḥ guṇaḥ
iti imam viddhi viṃśatyā bhūtānām prabhavāpyayam

109. ekonaviṃśatyāḥ ūrdhvam kālaḥ nāma aparaḥ guṇaḥ [asti]
iti imam viṃśatyā bhūtānām prabhavāpyayam viddhi

109. Following the nineteenth, another quality is 'kāla' (time). Understand this (kāla) to be the twentieth (quality), which is the origin and dissolution of all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - following, after (the nineteenth) (upwards, above, after, subsequent)

• एकोनविंशत्याः (ekonaviṁśatyāḥ) - of the nineteenth (quality/number), indicating a sequence after it (of the nineteenth, from the nineteenth)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - 'kāla' (the name of the quality being introduced) (time, season, period)

• नाम (nāma) - named (used adverbially to introduce a name) (name, by name, indeed, it is said)

• अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (quality in the sequence of enumeration) (another, other)

• गुणः (guṇaḥ) - a specific characteristic or quality (quality, attribute, property)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement about 'kāla' (thus, so, marking a conclusion)

• इमम् (imam) - this (referring to 'kāla', the quality of time) (this (masculine accusative))

• विद्धि (viddhi) - understand (this, as the twentieth quality) (know!, understand!)

• विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - as the twentieth (quality) (by twenty, as the twentieth)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (living entities) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• प्रभवाप्ययम् (prabhavāpyayam) - the origin and dissolution (of beings) (origin and dissolution)

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - following, after (the nineteenth) (upwards, above, after, subsequent)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use, governing a genitive noun.

एकोनविंशत्याः (ekonaviṁśatyāḥ) - of the nineteenth (quality/number), indicating a sequence after it (of the nineteenth, from the nineteenth)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of ekonaviṃśati

ekonaviṁśati - nineteen

Compound: eka + ūna + viṃśati. Literally 'one less than twenty'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+ūna+viṃśati)

• eka – one, a single
  numeral (masculine)
• ūna – less, deficient, wanting
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root un (to diminish).
  Root: un (class 2)
• viṃśati – twenty
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to the count 'nineteen'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - 'kāla' (the name of the quality being introduced) (time, season, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, period, proper time

Root: kal (class 10)

नाम (nāma) - named (used adverbially to introduce a name) (name, by name, indeed, it is said)

(indeclinable)

अपरः (aparaḥ) - another (quality in the sequence of enumeration) (another, other)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, subsequent

गुणः (guṇaḥ) - a specific characteristic or quality (quality, attribute, property)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, property, excellence

इति (iti) - thus, marking the preceding statement about 'kāla' (thus, so, marking a conclusion)

(indeclinable)

इमम् (imam) - this (referring to 'kāla', the quality of time) (this (masculine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Direct object of the imperative verb 'viddhi'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - understand (this, as the twentieth quality) (know!, understand!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative

Root vid (to know), 2nd person singular imperative, active voice, parasmaipada. This is a special form.

Root: vid (class 2)

विंशत्या (viṁśatyā) - as the twentieth (quality) (by twenty, as the twentieth)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of viṃśati

viṁśati - twenty

Note: Used in the sense of 'as the twentieth' or 'by means of twenty'.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (living entities) (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past, happened

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root bhū (to be, to become) with suffix -ta.

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रभवाप्ययम् (prabhavāpyayam) - the origin and dissolution (of beings) (origin and dissolution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhavāpyaya

prabhavāpyaya - origin and dissolution, creation and destruction

Compound type : dvandva (prabhava+apyaya)

• prabhava – origin, source, birth, creation
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-bhū (to arise).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• apyaya – dissolution, destruction, disappearance, end
  noun (masculine)
  From api-i (to go to, disappear).
  Prefix: api
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'viddhi', describing the nature of 'kāla'.