महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-51

तस्माद्धर्मार्थकामेषु तथा राज्यपरिग्रहे ।
बन्धनायतनेष्वेषु विद्ध्यबन्धे पदे स्थितम् ॥५१॥

51. tasmāddharmārthakāmeṣu tathā rājyaparigrahe ,
bandhanāyataneṣveṣu viddhyabandhe pade sthitam.

51. tasmāt dharmārthakāmeṣu tathā rājyaparigrahe
bandhanāyataneṣu eṣu viddhi abandhe pade sthitam

51. tasmāt,
dharmārthakāmeṣu tathā rājyaparigrahe,
eṣu bandhanāyataneṣu,
abandhe pade sthitam viddhi.

51. Therefore, regarding duty (dharma), wealth, and pleasure, and similarly the acquisition of a kingdom—know that even amidst these, which are abodes of bondage, one can remain situated in a state of non-bondage.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• धर्मार्थकामेषु (dharmārthakāmeṣu) - in the pursuits of duty (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) (in matters of duty, wealth, and pleasure)

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, likewise, and)

• राज्यपरिग्रहे (rājyaparigrahe) - in the acquisition of a kingdom, in obtaining sovereignty

• बन्धनायतनेषु (bandhanāyataneṣu) - in the abodes of bondage, in the causes of bondage

• एषु (eṣu) - in these

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know! understand!

• अबन्धे (abandhe) - in the non-bound state, in freedom

• पदे (pade) - in the state, in the position, in the condition

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - one who is situated, remaining (situated, abiding, standing)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Ablative singular of the demonstrative pronoun `tad`

Note: Functions as an indeclinable here.

धर्मार्थकामेषु (dharmārthakāmeṣu) - in the pursuits of duty (dharma), wealth, and pleasure (kāma) (in matters of duty, wealth, and pleasure)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharmārthakāma

dharmārthakāma - duty, wealth, and pleasure (the three human aims or puruṣārthas, often grouped)

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha+kāma)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, religious merit, custom
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support) + suffix `man`
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, material prosperity
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `ṛ` (to go, to move) + suffix `tha`
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, pleasure, love
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `kam` (to desire) + suffix `a`
  Root: kam (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

From demonstrative pronoun `tad` + suffix `thā`

राज्यपरिग्रहे (rājyaparigrahe) - in the acquisition of a kingdom, in obtaining sovereignty

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rājyaparigraha

rājyaparigraha - acquisition of a kingdom, assumption of sovereignty

Tatpurusha compound (rājyasya parigrahaḥ)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+parigraha)

• rājya – kingdom, realm, sovereignty, government
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `rājan` (king) + suffix `ya`
• parigraha – taking, acquiring, possession, acceptance, property
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `grah` (to seize) with prefix `pari`
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: The base `rājyaparigraha` is masculine, but locative singular for masc and neuter nouns ending in 'a' are often the same (-e).

बन्धनायतनेषु (bandhanāyataneṣu) - in the abodes of bondage, in the causes of bondage

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of bandhanāyatana

bandhanāyatana - abode of bondage, cause of bondage

Tatpurusha compound (bandhanasya āyatanam)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bandhana+āyatana)

• bandhana – binding, tying, bond, fetter, imprisonment
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `bandh` (to bind) + suffix `ana`
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• āyatana – abode, dwelling, place, cause, origin
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root `yat` (to strive) with prefix `ā`
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yat (class 1)

एषु (eṣu) - in these

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these (near the speaker)

Locative plural of the demonstrative pronoun `etad`

विद्धि (viddhi) - know! understand!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative active

2nd person singular imperative active of root `vid`

Root: vid (class 2)

अबन्धे (abandhe) - in the non-bound state, in freedom

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of abandha

abandha - non-bondage, freedom, release

Negative compound (Nañ-tatpurusha) of `bandha`

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+bandha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• bandha – bondage, tie, fetter, binding
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `bandh` (to bind) + suffix `a`
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Here, `abandhe` functions as an adjective modifying `pade` (in a non-bound state).

पदे (pade) - in the state, in the position, in the condition

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, state, condition, word

Derived from root `pad` (to go, fall) + suffix `a`

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to a state of being.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - one who is situated, remaining (situated, abiding, standing)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, abiding, firm, steadfast

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root `sthā` (to stand, to be)

Root: sthā (class 1)