महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-21

श्रुते वयसि जातौ च सद्भावो नाधिगम्यते ।
एष्वर्थेषूत्तरं तस्मात्प्रवेद्यं सत्समागमे ॥२१॥

21. śrute vayasi jātau ca sadbhāvo nādhigamyate ,
eṣvartheṣūttaraṁ tasmātpravedyaṁ satsamāgame.

21. श्रुते वयसि जातौ च सद्भावः न अधिगंयते एषु
अर्थेषु उत्तरम् तस्मात् प्रवेद्यम् सत्-समागमे

21. श्रुते वयसि जातौ च सद्भावः न अधिगंयते तस्मात्
एषु अर्थेषु उत्तरम् सत्-समागमे प्रवेद्यम्

21. True nature (sadbhāvaḥ) is not discerned based on (external factors like) scriptural knowledge, age, or birth. Therefore, regarding these matters, an answer should be properly declared in an assembly of the wise (satsamāgame).

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुते (श्रुते) - based on scriptural knowledge (in what is heard, in scriptural knowledge, in learning)

• वयसि (वयसि) - based on age (in age, in period of life)

• जातौ (जातौ) - based on birth or lineage (in birth, in lineage, in species, in caste)

• च (च) - and (and, also)

• सद्भावः (सद्भावः) - true nature (true nature, good state, sincerity, genuine feeling, existence)

• न (न) - not (not, no)

• अधिगम्यते (अधिगम्यते) - is discerned, is understood (is understood, is attained, is acquired)

• एषु (एषु) - regarding these (matters, i.e., scriptural knowledge, age, birth) (in these (masculine/neuter locative plural))

• अर्थेषउ (अर्थेषu) - regarding these matters/questions (in matters, in purposes, in objects, in questions)

• उत्तरम् (उत्तरम्) - an answer (answer, reply, subsequent, northern)

• तस्मात् (तस्मात्) - therefore (therefore, from that)

• प्रवेद्यम् (प्रवेद्यम्) - should be properly declared (to be made known, to be declared, to be told)

• सत्-समागमे (सत्-समागमे) - in an assembly of the wise (in an assembly of the good/wise, in good company)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुते (श्रुते) - based on scriptural knowledge (in what is heard, in scriptural knowledge, in learning)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed, scripture, learning

Past Passive Participle

from śru (to hear) + kta

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to formal learning or scriptural knowledge

वयसि (वयसि) - based on age (in age, in period of life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, period of life, youth, strength

जातौ (जातौ) - based on birth or lineage (in birth, in lineage, in species, in caste)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, species, caste, genus

from jan (to be born) + ktin

Root: jan (class 4)

च (च) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सद्भावः (सद्भावः) - true nature (true nature, good state, sincerity, genuine feeling, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadbhāva

sadbhāva - true nature, good state, sincerity, existence, reality

compound of sat (true, good) and bhāva (nature, state)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (sat+bhāva)

• sat – true, good, existing, real
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  from as (to be) + śatṛ
  Root: as (class 2)
• bhāva – being, state, condition, feeling, intention, emotion, nature, existence
  noun (masculine)
  from bhū (to be, exist) + ghañ
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'adhigamyate'

न (न) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अधिगम्यते (अधिगम्यते) - is discerned, is understood (is understood, is attained, is acquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of adhi-gam

Present Passive

Present 3rd singular passive

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

एषु (एषु) - regarding these (matters, i.e., scriptural knowledge, age, birth) (in these (masculine/neuter locative plural))

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'artheṣu'

अर्थेषउ (अर्थेषu) - regarding these matters/questions (in matters, in purposes, in objects, in questions)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - object, purpose, meaning, wealth, matter, question

उत्तरम् (उत्तरम्) - an answer (answer, reply, subsequent, northern)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - upper, subsequent, later, an answer, north

Note: Subject of 'pravedyam'

तस्मात् (तस्मात्) - therefore (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a consequence

प्रवेद्यम् (प्रवेद्यम्) - should be properly declared (to be made known, to be declared, to be told)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravedya

pravedya - to be made known, to be declared, to be told

Gerundive

from pra-vid (to know, tell) + ṇyat

Prefix: pra

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Predicative adjective

सत्-समागमे (सत्-समागमे) - in an assembly of the wise (in an assembly of the good/wise, in good company)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of satsamāgama

satsamāgama - assembly of the good, company of the wise

compound of sat (good, wise) and samāgama (assembly, meeting)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sat+samāgama)

• sat – true, good, existing, wise
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  from as (to be) + śatṛ
  Root: as (class 2)
• samāgama – coming together, meeting, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  from sam-ā-gam (to come together) + ghañ
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)