महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-175

स गार्हस्थ्याच्च्युतश्च त्वं मोक्षं नावाप्य दुर्विदम् ।
उभयोरन्तराले च वर्तसे मोक्षवातिकः ॥१७५॥

175. sa gārhasthyāccyutaśca tvaṁ mokṣaṁ nāvāpya durvidam ,
ubhayorantarāle ca vartase mokṣavātikaḥ.

175. saḥ gārhasthyāt cyutaḥ ca tvam mokṣam na avāpya
durvidam ubhayoḥ antarāle ca vartase mokṣavārtikaḥ

175. tvam saḥ gārhasthyāt cyutaḥ ca,
durvidam mokṣam na avāpya ca,
ubhayoḥ antarāle mokṣavārtikaḥ vartase.

175. You, having fallen from the householder's life and not having attained the liberation (mokṣa) that is difficult to comprehend, now exist in the intermediate state between both, merely a commentator on (or speaker about) liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - indeed (referring to 'you') (he, that, indeed, an emphatic particle)

• गार्हस्थ्यात् (gārhasthyāt) - from household life, from the state of a householder

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen (from the householder's life) (fallen, deviated, dropped)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - final liberation (mokṣa) (liberation)

• न (na) - not, no

• अवाप्य (avāpya) - not having attained (having not attained, having not reached)

• दुर्विदम् (durvidam) - difficult to know, hard to understand

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

• अन्तराले (antarāle) - between the two (householder's life and liberation) (in the interval, in the middle)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• वर्तसे (vartase) - you exist, you abide, you are

• मोक्षवार्तिकः (mokṣavārtikaḥ) - merely a speaker about (or commentator on) liberation (mokṣa) (a commentator on liberation, one who speaks about liberation)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - indeed (referring to 'you') (he, that, indeed, an emphatic particle)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here as an emphatic particle, 'indeed' or 'that very one'.

गार्हस्थ्यात् (gārhasthyāt) - from household life, from the state of a householder

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - state of a householder, household life, domestic duties

Derived from gṛhastha (householder).

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen (from the householder's life) (fallen, deviated, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, deviated, dropped, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root cyu (to move, to fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tvam (masculine form used here due to inherent gender of the person).

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice in the verse, connecting clauses.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

मोक्षम् (mokṣam) - final liberation (mokṣa) (liberation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, emancipation, release (mokṣa)

Derived from root muc (to release) with suffix -sa.

Root: muc (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अवाप्य (avāpya) - not having attained (having not attained, having not reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'ava-' + root 'āp' (to obtain) + suffix '-ya'. Here used with negation 'na'.

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used in a negative construction 'na avāpya'.

दुर्विदम् (durvidam) - difficult to know, hard to understand

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durvida

durvida - difficult to know or understand, obscure

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult) and 'vida' (knowing).

Compound type : prādi-tatpurusha (dur+vida)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• vida – knowing, finding, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root vid.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mokṣam.

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Also locative dual.

अन्तराले (antarāle) - between the two (householder's life and liberation) (in the interval, in the middle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antarāla

antarāla - interval, intermediate space, middle

Compound of 'antar' (within) and 'āla' (place).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (antar+āla)

• antar – within, among, in between
  indeclinable
• āla – receptacle, dwelling, place
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice in the verse, connecting clauses.

वर्तसे (vartase) - you exist, you abide, you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Indicative

Root vṛt, class 1 (Bhuvādi), Ātmanepada, second person singular.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

मोक्षवार्तिकः (mokṣavārtikaḥ) - merely a speaker about (or commentator on) liberation (mokṣa) (a commentator on liberation, one who speaks about liberation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣavārtika

mokṣavārtika - commentator on liberation, one whose topic is liberation

Compound of 'mokṣa' (liberation) and 'vārtika' (commentary, professional speaker).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpurusha (mokṣa+vārtika)

• mokṣa – liberation, emancipation, release (mokṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• vārtika – commentary, supplementary rule, one who speaks professionally
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from vṛtti (course, conduct).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person addressed (tvam).