महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-2

संन्यस्यते यथात्मायं संन्यस्तात्मा यथा च यः ।
परं मोक्षस्य यच्चापि तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥२॥

2. saṁnyasyate yathātmāyaṁ saṁnyastātmā yathā ca yaḥ ,
paraṁ mokṣasya yaccāpi tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

2. saṃnyasyate yathā ātmā ayam saṃnyastātmā yathā ca
yaḥ param mokṣasya yat ca api tat me brūhi pitāmaha

2. pitāmaha me brūhi yathā ayam ātmā saṃnyasyate ca yathā
yaḥ saṃnyastātmā ca api yat mokṣasya param tat brūhi

2. O Grandfather, please explain to me how this self (ātman) is renounced, and what kind of person is considered to have renounced the self. Also, tell me what is the ultimate state of liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• संन्यस्यते (saṁnyasyate) - is completely abandoned, is renounced, is given up

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

• आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self (ātman) (the self, soul, spirit)

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• संन्यस्तात्मा (saṁnyastātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is renounced, a renunciant

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - who

• परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate, highest

• मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of liberation, of emancipation

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

• तत् (tat) - that

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

Words meanings and morphology

संन्यस्यते (saṁnyasyate) - is completely abandoned, is renounced, is given up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of saṃ-ni-as

Present Middle Passive

Root 'as' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ni'.

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आत्मा (ātmā) - the individual self (ātman) (the self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Root: an (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

संन्यस्तात्मा (saṁnyastātmā) - one whose self (ātman) is renounced, a renunciant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnyastātman

saṁnyastātman - one whose self is renounced; a renunciant

Bahuvrīhi compound. First part is Past Passive Participle of sam-ni-as, second part is ātman.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (saṃnyasta+ātman)

• saṃnyasta – renounced, given up, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'as' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ni'.
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate, highest

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, higher, supreme, ultimate

Note: Used here substantively as 'the ultimate state'.

मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) - of liberation, of emancipation

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mokṣa

mokṣa - liberation, emancipation, release from saṃsāra

From root 'muc' (to release) + suffix 'sa'

Root: muc (class 6)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, moreover

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

Root 'brū' (or 'vac'), irregular imperative.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Grandfather

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma (as the great ancestor)