महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-12

सा प्राप्य मिथिलां रम्यां समृद्धजनसंकुलाम् ।
भैक्षचर्यापदेशेन ददर्श मिथिलेश्वरम् ॥१२॥

12. sā prāpya mithilāṁ ramyāṁ samṛddhajanasaṁkulām ,
bhaikṣacaryāpadeśena dadarśa mithileśvaram.

12. sā prāpya mithilām ramyām samṛddhajanasamkulām
bhaikṣacaryāpadeśena dadarśa mithileśvaram

12. sā ramyām samṛddhajanasamkulām mithilām prāpya
bhaikṣacaryāpadeśena mithileśvaram dadarśa

12. Upon reaching Mithila, a charming city bustling with prosperous people, she beheld the king of Mithila, ostensibly on an alms round.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she (the protagonist) (she)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (having reached, having obtained)

• मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - the city of Mithila (Mithila (a city/kingdom))

• रम्याम् (ramyām) - charming, beautiful (charming, delightful, beautiful)

• समृद्धजनसम्कुलाम् (samṛddhajanasamkulām) - bustling with prosperous people (crowded/filled with prosperous people)

• भैक्षचर्यापदेशेन (bhaikṣacaryāpadeśena) - ostensibly on an alms round (on the pretext of an alms round)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - she beheld (she saw, he saw)

• मिथिलेश्वरम् (mithileśvaram) - the king of Mithila

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she (the protagonist) (she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having reached (having reached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from pra-√āp (to obtain, reach) with -ya suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

मिथिलाम् (mithilām) - the city of Mithila (Mithila (a city/kingdom))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mithilā

mithilā - name of an ancient city, capital of Videha

Note: Object of `prāpya`.

रम्याम् (ramyām) - charming, beautiful (charming, delightful, beautiful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ramya

ramya - charming, delightful, beautiful, pleasant

gerundive

from √ram (to delight, play) with -ya suffix, meaning 'to be delighted in'

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `mithilām`.

समृद्धजनसम्कुलाम् (samṛddhajanasamkulām) - bustling with prosperous people (crowded/filled with prosperous people)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samṛddhajanasamkula

samṛddhajanasamkula - crowded with prosperous people

Tatpuruṣa compound, feminine form

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samṛddha+jana+samkula)

• samṛddha – prosperous, thriving, rich
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-√ṛdh (to prosper)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: ṛdh (class 4)
• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• samkula – crowded, filled, confused
  adjective (masculine)
  from sam-√kul (to collect)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `mithilām`.

भैक्षचर्यापदेशेन (bhaikṣacaryāpadeśena) - ostensibly on an alms round (on the pretext of an alms round)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhaikṣacaryāpadeśa

bhaikṣacaryāpadeśa - pretext of begging alms, excuse of alms round

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaikṣacaryā+apadeśa)

• bhaikṣacaryā – begging for alms, an alms round
  noun (feminine)
  from bhikṣu (beggar) + caryā (conduct/practice)
• apadeśa – pretext, excuse, pretence
  noun (masculine)
  from apa-√diś (to point out)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Indicates the means or pretext for her action.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - she beheld (she saw, he saw)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

perfect, active, 3rd person singular

Perfect (liṭ) of √dṛś, Parasmaipada, reduplicated

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

मिथिलेश्वरम् (mithileśvaram) - the king of Mithila

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mithileśvara

mithileśvara - lord/king of Mithila

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mithilā+īśvara)

• mithilā – name of an ancient city
  proper noun (feminine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  from √īś (to rule)
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Object of `dadarśa`.