महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-140

यदा त्वाज्ञापयत्यन्यांस्तदास्योक्ता स्वतन्त्रता ।
अवशः कार्यते तत्र तस्मिंस्तस्मिन्गुणे स्थितः ॥१४०॥

140. yadā tvājñāpayatyanyāṁstadāsyoktā svatantratā ,
avaśaḥ kāryate tatra tasmiṁstasminguṇe sthitaḥ.

140. yadā tu ājñāpayati anyān tadā asya uktā svatantratā
avaśaḥ kāryate tatra tasmin tasmin guṇe sthitaḥ

140. yadā tu anyān ājñāpayati,
tadā asya svatantratā uktā (bhavati).
tatra (saḥ) avaśaḥ kāryate,
tasmin tasmin guṇe sthitaḥ (san).

140. It is only when he issues commands to others that his independence is spoken of. Yet, he is helplessly made to act in those situations, governed by various specific attributes.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• आज्ञापयति (ājñāpayati) - he commands, he orders, he instructs

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अस्य (asya) - his

• उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, declared, said

• स्वतन्त्रता (svatantratā) - independence, freedom, autonomy

• अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, not master of oneself

• कार्यते (kāryate) - he is made to act, he is caused to perform

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter, in that situation

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

• गुणे (guṇe) - in a specific circumstance or governing factor (in a quality, in an attribute, in a constituent)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, abiding, standing, fixed

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

आज्ञापयति (ājñāpayati) - he commands, he orders, he instructs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √jñā

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, Causative

From 'ā-√jñā' (to permit, order) with the causative suffix '-pay-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: The subject is the implied king.

अन्यान् (anyān) - others, other people

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Object of 'ājñāpayati'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb.

अस्य (asya) - his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, declared, said

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

From '√vac' (to speak).

Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'svatantratā'.

स्वतन्त्रता (svatantratā) - independence, freedom, autonomy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of svatantratā

svatantratā - independence, self-reliance, freedom, autonomy

Derived from 'svatantra' (independent) + suffix 'tā' (abstract noun).

अवशः (avaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, not master of oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa

avaśa - helpless, not under one's own control, dependent

From 'a-' (not) + 'vaśa' (control).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vaśa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vaśa – will, power, control, subjection
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the implied king.

कार्यते (kāryate) - he is made to act, he is caused to perform

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √kṛ

Present tense, Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, Causative Passive

From the causative stem 'kāray' of '√kṛ' (class 8), conjugated in the passive 'kāryate'.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject is the implied king.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter, in that situation

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb from 'tad' (that).

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: First part of reduplicated expression.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, in it

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Second part of reduplicated expression.

गुणे (guṇe) - in a specific circumstance or governing factor (in a quality, in an attribute, in a constituent)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue, secondary quality

Note: Governed by 'sthitaḥ'.

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - situated, abiding, standing, fixed

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, abiding, fixed, established

Past Passive Participle

From '√sthā' (to stand).

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied king (subject of 'kāryate').