महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-40

प्रहायोभयमप्येतज्ज्ञानं कर्म च केवलम् ।
तृतीयेयं समाख्याता निष्ठा तेन महात्मना ॥४०॥

40. prahāyobhayamapyetajjñānaṁ karma ca kevalam ,
tṛtīyeyaṁ samākhyātā niṣṭhā tena mahātmanā.

40. prahāya ubhayam api etat jñānam karma ca kevalam
tṛtīyā iyam samākhyātā niṣṭhā tena mahātmanā

40. tena mahātmanā etat ubhayam jñānam karma ca
kevalam prahāya iyam tṛtīyā niṣṭhā samākhyātā

40. Having abandoned both this knowledge and action (karma) entirely, this third path (niṣṭhā) was declared by that great soul (mahātman).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रहाय (prahāya) - having abandoned, having given up

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both, of both kinds

• अपि (api) - also, even

• एतत् (etat) - this, these

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed

• च (ca) - and, also

• केवलम् (kevalam) - entirely, completely (alone, only, pure, entire)

• तृतीया (tṛtīyā) - third

• इयम् (iyam) - this, she

• समाख्याता (samākhyātā) - well-declared, proclaimed, named

• निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - steadfastness, firm conviction, path

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul, by the exalted one

Words meanings and morphology

प्रहाय (prahāya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from pra-hā (to abandon)

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both, of both kinds

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both, of both kinds

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, these

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to both knowledge and action mentioned earlier.

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'prahāya' implied.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, fate

from root kṛ (to do) + suffix manin

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of the absolutive 'prahāya' implied.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

केवलम् (kevalam) - entirely, completely (alone, only, pure, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - alone, only, pure, entire

Note: Adverbial usage.

तृतीया (tṛtīyā) - third

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tṛtīya

tṛtīya - third

ordinal numeral derived from tri (three)

Root: tri

इयम् (iyam) - this, she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, it

Note: Refers to 'niṣṭhā'.

समाख्याता (samākhyātā) - well-declared, proclaimed, named

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samākhyāta

samākhyāta - well-declared, proclaimed, named

Past Passive Participle

from sam-ā-khyā (to declare, proclaim)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - steadfastness, firm conviction, path

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - steadfastness, firm conviction, devotion, conclusion

from ni-sthā (to stand firm)

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great soul, by the exalted one

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great soul, exalted one, high-minded

from mahat (great) + ātman (soul, self)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, noble
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  from root an (to breathe)
  Root: an (class 2)