महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-129

त्रिवर्गे सप्तधा व्यक्तं यो न वेदेह कर्मसु ।
सङ्गवान्यस्त्रिवर्गे च किं तस्मिन्मुक्तलक्षणम् ॥१२९॥

129. trivarge saptadhā vyaktaṁ yo na vedeha karmasu ,
saṅgavānyastrivarge ca kiṁ tasminmuktalakṣaṇam.

129. trivarge saptadhā vyaktam yaḥ na veda iha karmasu
saṅgavān yaḥ trivarge ca kim tasmin muktalakṣaṇam

129. yaḥ iha karmasu trivarge saptadhā vyaktam na veda
ca yaḥ trivarge saṅgavān tasmin kim muktalakṣaṇam

129. What are the characteristics of a liberated person (mokṣa) in one who does not understand the threefold pursuits (trivarga) as distinctly manifest in the seven elements (of statecraft) here in his actions (karma), and who is still attached to these threefold pursuits (trivarga)?

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिवर्गे (trivarge) - in the threefold pursuits (dharma, artha, kāma) (in the threefold pursuits/categories)

• सप्तधा (saptadhā) - in seven ways, sevenfold

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest, distinct, clear

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine))

• न (na) - not, no

• वेद (veda) - he knows, he understands

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions (related to statecraft/life) (in actions, in deeds, in duties)

• सङ्गवान् (saṅgavān) - one who is attached, endowed with attachment

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine))

• त्रिवर्गे (trivarge) - in the threefold pursuits (dharma, artha, kāma) (in the threefold pursuits/categories)

• च (ca) - and, also

• किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him (in him, in that)

• मुक्तलक्षणम् (muktalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic of a liberated one, sign of liberation

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिवर्गे (trivarge) - in the threefold pursuits (dharma, artha, kāma) (in the threefold pursuits/categories)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of trivarga

trivarga - group of three, threefold pursuit (dharma, artha, kāma)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+varga)

• tri – three
  numeral
• varga – class, group, category
  noun (masculine)

सप्तधा (saptadhā) - in seven ways, sevenfold

(indeclinable)

suffix -dhā denoting 'way/manner'

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest, distinct, clear

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vyakta

vyañj - to manifest, to reveal, to appear

Past Passive Participle

root añj with prefix vi, past passive participle, declined as neuter singular nominative/accusative

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Derived from the root 'añj' with 'vi' prefix.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वेद (veda) - he knows, he understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lit) of vid

Perfect Tense (irregular present meaning)

root vid, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, perfect form used with present meaning

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Irregular formation, though looks like a perfect form, acts as a present tense verb.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions (related to statecraft/life) (in actions, in deeds, in duties)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, ritual, effect of actions

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सङ्गवान् (saṅgavān) - one who is attached, endowed with attachment

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgavat

saṅgavat - having attachment, attached, connected with

suffixed with -vat (possessive), declined as masculine singular nominative

Note: Derived from 'saṅga' (attachment) + possessive suffix -vat.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

त्रिवर्गे (trivarge) - in the threefold pursuits (dharma, artha, kāma) (in the threefold pursuits/categories)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of trivarga

trivarga - group of three, threefold pursuit (dharma, artha, kāma)

Compound type : dvigu (tri+varga)

• tri – three
  numeral
• varga – class, group, category
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what? (what?, why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what?, which?, who?, whether, something

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him (in him, in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मुक्तलक्षणम् (muktalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic of a liberated one, sign of liberation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of muktalakṣaṇa

muktalakṣaṇa - sign of a liberated person, characteristic of liberation

Compound type : tatpurusha (mukta+lakṣaṇa)

• mukta – liberated, freed, released
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root muc (to release/liberate)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, attribute
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)