महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-149

हतो देशः पुरं दग्धं प्रधानः कुञ्जरो मृतः ।
लोकसाधारणेष्वेषु मिथ्याज्ञानेन तप्यते ॥१४९॥

149. hato deśaḥ puraṁ dagdhaṁ pradhānaḥ kuñjaro mṛtaḥ ,
lokasādhāraṇeṣveṣu mithyājñānena tapyate.

149. hataḥ deśaḥ puram dagdham pradhānaḥ kuñjaraḥ
mṛtaḥ loka-sādhāraṇeṣu eṣu mithyā-jñānena tapyate

149. deśaḥ hataḥ (bhavati),
puram dagdham (bhavati),
pradhānaḥ kuñjaraḥ mṛtaḥ (bhavati) (ca),
(tataḥ) eṣu loka-sādhāraṇeṣu (viṣayeṣu) mithyā-jñānena (janaḥ) tapyate

149. When the country is destroyed, the city burned, and the chief elephant is dead, one suffers over these worldly matters, which are common to all, due to delusive knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• हतः (hataḥ) - destroyed, killed, struck

• देशः (deśaḥ) - country, region, place

• पुरम् (puram) - city, fort

• दग्धम् (dagdham) - burned, consumed by fire

• प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - chief, principal, important

• कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

• मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead

• लोक-साधारणेषु (loka-sādhāraṇeṣu) - in things common to all people, in worldly matters

• एषु (eṣu) - in these worldly matters (in these)

• मिथ्या-ज्ञानेन (mithyā-jñānena) - by false knowledge, by delusion

• तप्यते (tapyate) - one suffers, one is afflicted

Words meanings and morphology

हतः (hataḥ) - destroyed, killed, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √han (to strike, kill). Past Passive Participle form.

Root: han (class 2)

देशः (deśaḥ) - country, region, place

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - country, region, place, quarter

पुरम् (puram) - city, fort

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fort

दग्धम् (dagdham) - burned, consumed by fire

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dagdha

dagdha - burned, consumed, scorched

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √dah (to burn). Past Passive Participle form.

Root: dah (class 1)

प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - chief, principal, important

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, main, a leader

कुञ्जरः (kuñjaraḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuñjara

kuñjara - elephant

मृतः (mṛtaḥ) - dead

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛta

mṛta - dead, deceased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √mṛ (to die). Past Passive Participle form.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

लोक-साधारणेषु (loka-sādhāraṇeṣu) - in things common to all people, in worldly matters

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of loka-sādhāraṇa

loka-sādhāraṇa - common to the world/people, universal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (loka+sādhāraṇa)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• sādhāraṇa – common, general, shared
  adjective

एषु (eṣu) - in these worldly matters (in these)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

मिथ्या-ज्ञानेन (mithyā-jñānena) - by false knowledge, by delusion

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mithyā-jñāna

mithyā-jñāna - false knowledge, delusion, ignorance

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mithyā+jñāna)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, untrue
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तप्यते (tapyate) - one suffers, one is afflicted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Derived from √tap (to suffer, to burn). Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle/passive voice (ātmanepada).