महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-170

कुले महति जातेन ह्रीमता दीर्घदर्शिना ।
नैतत्सदसि वक्तव्यं सद्वासद्वा मिथः कृतम् ॥१७०॥

170. kule mahati jātena hrīmatā dīrghadarśinā ,
naitatsadasi vaktavyaṁ sadvāsadvā mithaḥ kṛtam.

170. kule mahati jātena hrīmatā dīrghadarśinā na etat
sadasi vaktavyam sat vā asat vā mithaḥ kṛtam

170. kule mahati jātena hrīmatā dīrghadarśinā mithaḥ
kṛtam sat vā asat vā etat sadasi na vaktavyam

170. That which was done privately, whether good or bad, should not be spoken of in an assembly by one born into a noble family, who possesses modesty and foresight.

Words meanings summery:

• कुले (kule) - in a family (in a family, in a lineage)

• महति (mahati) - noble (great, noble, important)

• जातेन (jātena) - by one who is born (by one born, by that which is produced)

• ह्रीमता (hrīmatā) - by one who is modest (by a modest person, by one having shame)

• दीर्घदर्शिना (dīrghadarśinā) - by one who is far-sighted (by one who is far-sighted, by a sagacious person)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this, this matter)

• सदसि (sadasi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a council)

• वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken (should be spoken, proper to be said)

• सत् (sat) - good (good, true, existing)

• वा (vā) - or (or, alternatively)

• असत् (asat) - bad (bad, untrue, non-existent)

• वा (vā) - or (or, alternatively)

• मिथः (mithaḥ) - privately (privately, secretly, mutually)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

कुले (kule) - in a family (in a family, in a lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race, noble birth, community

महति (mahati) - noble (great, noble, important)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, noble, exalted

जातेन (jātena) - by one who is born (by one born, by that which is produced)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used here adjectivally to describe an implicit agent.

ह्रीमता (hrīmatā) - by one who is modest (by a modest person, by one having shame)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hrīmat

hrīmat - modest, bashful, shy, conscientious, possessing shame

Possessive suffix -mat applied to hrī (modesty)

दीर्घदर्शिना (dīrghadarśinā) - by one who is far-sighted (by one who is far-sighted, by a sagacious person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dīrghadarśin

dīrghadarśin - far-sighted, sagacious, prudent

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dīrgha+darśin)

• dīrgha – long, extended, deep
  adjective (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, knowing, showing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dṛś (to see)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (matter) (this, this matter)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Acts as the subject of the passive gerundive 'vaktavyam'.

सदसि (sadasi) - in an assembly (in an assembly, in a council)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sadas

sadas - assembly, council, session, meeting

वक्तव्यम् (vaktavyam) - should be spoken (should be spoken, proper to be said)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, speakable, proper to be said

Gerundive

Derived from root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

सत् (sat) - good (good, true, existing)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - existing, real, true, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

Derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, alternatively)

(indeclinable)

असत् (asat) - bad (bad, untrue, non-existent)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, bad, wicked

Present Active Participle (negative)

Derived from root as (to be) with negation 'a-'

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• sat – existing, real, true, good, virtuous
  participle (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)

वा (vā) - or (or, alternatively)

(indeclinable)

मिथः (mithaḥ) - privately (privately, secretly, mutually)

(indeclinable)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done (done, made, performed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, finished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)