महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-143

अभिगम्याभिगम्यैनं याचन्ते सततं नराः ।
न चाप्युत्सहते दातुं वित्तरक्षी महाजनात् ॥१४३॥

143. abhigamyābhigamyainaṁ yācante satataṁ narāḥ ,
na cāpyutsahate dātuṁ vittarakṣī mahājanāt.

143. abhigamya abhigamya enam yācante satatam narāḥ
na ca api utsahate dātum vittarakṣī mahājanāt

143. narāḥ enam abhigamya abhigamya satatam yācante
ca vittarakṣī mahājanāt dātum na api utsahate

143. People constantly approach him, begging him again and again. Yet, the guardian of wealth, fearing the large populace, is not even able to give (dāna).

Words meanings summery:

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

• अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

• एनम् (enam) - him, this one

• याचन्ते (yācante) - they beg, they implore

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, continuously

• नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also

• उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is able, he dares, he undertakes

• दातुम् (dātum) - to give

• वित्तरक्षी (vittarakṣī) - protector of wealth, treasurer

• महाजनात् (mahājanāt) - because of fear or pressure from the public/masses (from the multitude of people, from the public, because of the masses)

Words meanings and morphology

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam with upasarga abhi, in absolutive form.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: A reduplication of the absolutive form emphasizes repetition.

अभिगम्य (abhigamya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root gam with upasarga abhi, in absolutive form.

Prefix: abhi

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of a reduplicated absolutive pair.

एनम् (enam) - him, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

Note: Refers to the 'vittarakṣī'.

याचन्ते (yācante) - they beg, they implore

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yāc

Present 3rd Person Plural

From root yāc, present tense, ātmanepada.

Root: yāc (class 1)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, continuously

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of satata (continuous).

नराः (narāḥ) - people, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'yācante'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'utsahate'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the inability.

उत्सहते (utsahate) - he is able, he dares, he undertakes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ut-sah

Present 3rd Person Singular

From root sah with upasarga ut, present tense, ātmanepada.

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'vittarakṣī'.

दातुम् (dātum) - to give

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of dā

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root dā.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The action that 'vittarakṣī' is unable to perform.

वित्तरक्षी (vittarakṣī) - protector of wealth, treasurer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vittarakṣin

vittarakṣin - protector of wealth, guardian of treasure, treasurer

Compound noun, agent noun from vittarakṣa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vitta+rakṣin)

• vitta – wealth, property, riches, gain
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (from vid 'to obtain')
  Root: vid (class 2)
• rakṣin – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root rakṣ 'to protect'.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'utsahate'.

महाजनात् (mahājanāt) - because of fear or pressure from the public/masses (from the multitude of people, from the public, because of the masses)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mahājana

mahājana - a great person, a distinguished man, the public, the masses, multitude of people

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+jana)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (masculine)
• jana – person, people, mankind
  noun (masculine)

Note: The ablative case here implies a cause or source of constraint.