महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-13

राजा तस्याः परं दृष्ट्वा सौकुमार्यं वपुस्तथा ।
केयं कस्य कुतो वेति बभूवागतविस्मयः ॥१३॥

13. rājā tasyāḥ paraṁ dṛṣṭvā saukumāryaṁ vapustathā ,
keyaṁ kasya kuto veti babhūvāgatavismayaḥ.

13. rājā tasyāḥ param dṛṣṭvā saukumāryam vapuḥ tathā
kā iyam kasya kutaḥ vā iti babhūva āgatavismayaḥ

13. rājā tasyāḥ param saukumāryam vapuḥ tathā dṛṣṭvā "kā
iyam? kasya? kutaḥ vā?" iti āgatavismayaḥ babhūva

13. Upon seeing the supreme delicacy of her form, the king was struck with wonder, pondering, 'Who is she? To whom does she belong? Or from where has she come?'

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - the king (of Mithila) (king, ruler)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her (her, of her)

• परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, excellent, highest)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

• सौकुमार्यम् (saukumāryam) - delicacy (tenderness, delicacy, grace)

• वपुः (vapuḥ) - form (body, form, figure)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (referring to the combined delicacy of form) (so, thus, likewise, also)

• का (kā) - who (who (feminine))

• इयम् (iyam) - this (woman) (this (feminine))

• कस्य (kasya) - to whom does she belong (whose, of whom)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

• वा (vā) - or

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of the thought/question) (thus, so (marks quotation))

• बभूव (babhūva) - he was struck (with wonder) (he became, she became, it became)

• आगतविस्मयः (āgatavismayaḥ) - struck with wonder (filled with wonder, struck with amazement)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - the king (of Mithila) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of her (her, of her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Possessive, "her delicacy".

परम् (param) - supreme (supreme, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, ultimate, supreme, excellent, highest

Note: Adverbial or modifying `saukumāryam`. Here it describes the degree of delicacy.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - upon seeing (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from √dṛś (to see) with -tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

सौकुमार्यम् (saukumāryam) - delicacy (tenderness, delicacy, grace)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saukumārya

saukumārya - tenderness, delicacy, grace, youthfulness

abstract noun from 'sukumāra'

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

वपुः (vapuḥ) - form (body, form, figure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, figure, shape

Note: Also an object of `dṛṣṭvā`, coordinating with `saukumāryam`.

तथा (tathā) - thus (referring to the combined delicacy of form) (so, thus, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the sight of the body's delicacy to the subsequent wonder.

का (kā) - who (who (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

इयम् (iyam) - this (woman) (this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

कस्य (kasya) - to whom does she belong (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (from where, whence, why)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'kim' used as an indeclinable

Note: Interrogative adverb.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of the thought/question) (thus, so (marks quotation))

(indeclinable)

बभूव (babhūva) - he was struck (with wonder) (he became, she became, it became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect, active, 3rd person singular

Perfect (liṭ) of √bhū, Parasmaipada, reduplicated

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

आगतविस्मयः (āgatavismayaḥ) - struck with wonder (filled with wonder, struck with amazement)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgatavismaya

āgatavismaya - filled with wonder, amazed, surprised

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āgata+vismaya)

• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from ā-√gam (to come, arrive)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• vismaya – wonder, astonishment, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  from vi-√smi (to wonder)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective modifying `rājā`.