महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-49

अथ वा दुःखशैथिल्यं वीक्ष्य लिङ्गे कृता मतिः ।
किं तदेवार्थसामान्यं छत्रादिषु न लक्ष्यते ॥४९॥

49. atha vā duḥkhaśaithilyaṁ vīkṣya liṅge kṛtā matiḥ ,
kiṁ tadevārthasāmānyaṁ chatrādiṣu na lakṣyate.

49. atha vā duḥkhaśaithilyam vīkṣya liṅge kṛtā matiḥ
kim tat eva artha sāmānyam chatrādiṣu na lakṣyate

49. atha vā duḥkhaśaithilyam vīkṣya liṅge matiḥ kṛtā (asti),
kim tat eva artha sāmānyam chatrādiṣu na lakṣyate?

49. Or else, if the mind (mati) is fixed on external signs (liṅga) after observing the alleviation of suffering (duḥkha), then why is that same general utility not perceived in objects like umbrellas and other similar items?

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then

• वा (vā) - or, either

• दुःखशैथिल्यम् (duḥkhaśaithilyam) - alleviation of suffering, relaxation from pain

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• लिङ्गे (liṅge) - on the external symbols of asceticism (on the sign, on the symbol)

• कृता (kṛtā) - fixed, made, placed

• मतिः (matiḥ) - mind, thought, conviction

• किम् (kim) - why? (interrogative particle)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the 'general utility' or purpose mentioned next (that)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing 'that very' general utility (same, indeed)

• अर्थ (artha) - purpose, utility, meaning

• सामान्यम् (sāmānyam) - general utility or common purpose (general, commonality, universality)

• छत्रादिषु (chatrādiṣu) - in umbrellas etc., in umbrellas and so forth

• न (na) - not

• लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is perceived, is observed, is seen

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

दुःखशैथिल्यम् (duḥkhaśaithilyam) - alleviation of suffering, relaxation from pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhaśaithilya

duḥkhaśaithilya - alleviation of suffering, loosening of pain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śaithilya)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)
• śaithilya – relaxation, slackness, alleviation, looseness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from śithila (loose, slack)

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see) with prefix vi

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

लिङ्गे (liṅge) - on the external symbols of asceticism (on the sign, on the symbol)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - sign, mark, characteristic, symbol, gender, phallus

कृता (kṛtā) - fixed, made, placed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, fixed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'matiḥ'.

मतिः (matiḥ) - mind, thought, conviction

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - mind, thought, opinion, conviction, intelligence

From root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

किम् (kim) - why? (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - referring to the 'general utility' or purpose mentioned next (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

एव (eva) - emphasizing 'that very' general utility (same, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अर्थ (artha) - purpose, utility, meaning

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, aim, wealth, utility

सामान्यम् (sāmānyam) - general utility or common purpose (general, commonality, universality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāmānya

sāmānya - common, general, universal, commonality, generality

Derived from samāna (equal, same)

Note: Forms a compound with artha: 'general utility' or 'common purpose'.

छत्रादिषु (chatrādiṣu) - in umbrellas etc., in umbrellas and so forth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of chatrādi

chatrādi - umbrella and so on, beginning with umbrellas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or dvandva (chatra+ādi)

• chatra – umbrella, parasol
  noun (neuter)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so forth
  suffix

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

लक्ष्यते (lakṣyate) - is perceived, is observed, is seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of lakṣ

Root: lakṣ (class 10)