महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-158

यश्च राजा महोत्साहः क्षत्रधर्मरतो भवेत् ।
स तुष्येद्दशभागेन ततस्त्वन्यो दशावरैः ॥१५८॥

158. yaśca rājā mahotsāhaḥ kṣatradharmarato bhavet ,
sa tuṣyeddaśabhāgena tatastvanyo daśāvaraiḥ.

158. yaḥ ca rājā mahotsāhaḥ kṣatradharmarataḥ bhavet
saḥ tuṣyet daśabhāgena tataḥ tu anyaḥ daśāvaraiḥ

158. yaḥ rājā mahotsāhaḥ kṣatradharmarataḥ bhavet
saḥ daśabhāgena tuṣyet tataḥ tu anyaḥ daśāvaraiḥ

158. The king who is highly energetic and dedicated to his specific duty (dharma) as a kṣatriya, should be content with a one-tenth share. Others, however, should be satisfied with shares that are even less than one-tenth.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महोत्साहः (mahotsāhaḥ) - greatly energetic, highly enthusiastic

• क्षत्रधर्मरतः (kṣatradharmarataḥ) - devoted to the duty of a kṣatriya, engaged in the natural law (dharma) of a kṣatriya

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तुष्येत् (tuṣyet) - should be satisfied, should be content

• दशभागेन (daśabhāgena) - by a one-tenth share

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other

• दशावरैः (daśāvaraiḥ) - by those who have less than one-tenth, by shares less than one-tenth

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

महोत्साहः (mahotsāhaḥ) - greatly energetic, highly enthusiastic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahotsāha

mahotsāha - great enthusiasm, great energy, greatly energetic (adjective)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+utsāha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, resolve
  noun (masculine)

क्षत्रधर्मरतः (kṣatradharmarataḥ) - devoted to the duty of a kṣatriya, engaged in the natural law (dharma) of a kṣatriya

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharmarata

kṣatradharmarata - devoted to the kṣatriya's duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatradharma+rata)

• kṣatradharma – the duty (dharma) of a kṣatriya, natural law for a warrior
  noun (masculine)
• rata – devoted, engaged in, attached to
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ram (to delight, to sport) + kta (suffix for PPP)
  Root: ram (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तुष्येत् (tuṣyet) - should be satisfied, should be content

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of tuṣ

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

दशभागेन (daśabhāgena) - by a one-tenth share

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daśabhāga

daśabhāga - a tenth part, one-tenth share

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+bhāga)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• bhāga – part, share, portion
  noun (masculine)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, however

(indeclinable)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another, other

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another

दशावरैः (daśāvaraiḥ) - by those who have less than one-tenth, by shares less than one-tenth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of daśāvara

daśāvara - having less than one-tenth, minimum of one tenth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+avara)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• avara – lower, inferior, less
  adjective