महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-108

सुखदुःखे जरामृत्यू लाभालाभौ प्रियाप्रिये ।
इति चैकोनविंशोऽयं द्वंद्वयोग इति स्मृतः ॥१०८॥

108. sukhaduḥkhe jarāmṛtyū lābhālābhau priyāpriye ,
iti caikonaviṁśo'yaṁ dvaṁdvayoga iti smṛtaḥ.

108. sukhaduḥkhe jarāmṛtyū lābhālābhau priyāpriye
iti ca ekonaviṃśaḥ ayam dvandvayogaḥ iti smṛtaḥ

108. sukhaduḥkhe jarāmṛtyū lābhālābhau priyāpriye ca
iti ayam ekonaviṃśaḥ dvandvayogaḥ iti smṛtaḥ

108. Pleasure and pain, old age and death, gain and loss, and pleasant and unpleasant things: this nineteenth (quality) is remembered as 'dvandva-yoga' (the union of opposites).

Words meanings summery:

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - the dual experiences of pleasure and pain (pleasure and pain (dual))

• जरामृत्यू (jarāmṛtyū) - the dual phenomena of old age and death (old age and death (dual))

• लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - the dual outcomes of gain and loss (gain and loss (dual))

• प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - the dual experiences of pleasant and unpleasant things (pleasant and unpleasant (things) (dual))

• इति (iti) - marking the end of the list of pairs (thus, so, marking the end of a list or definition)

• च (ca) - and (connecting this statement to the preceding enumeration of qualities) (and, also, moreover)

• एकोनविंशः (ekonaviṁśaḥ) - the nineteenth (quality) (nineteenth)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the 'dvandva-yoga' quality, which is masculine) (this (masculine))

• द्वन्द्वयोगह्̣ (dvandvayogaḥ) - 'dvandva-yoga' (the specific name for this quality) (union of pairs, combination of opposites)

• इति (iti) - thus, marking the named quality 'dvandva-yoga' (thus, so, marking a specific name or definition)

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered, is traditionally called (remembered, mentioned, called)

Words meanings and morphology

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - the dual experiences of pleasure and pain (pleasure and pain (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, joy, comfort
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, suffering, sorrow, misery
  noun (neuter)

जरामृत्यू (jarāmṛtyū) - the dual phenomena of old age and death (old age and death (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jarāmṛtyu

jarāmṛtyu - old age and death

Compound type : dvandva (jarā+mṛtyu)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṝ (class 9)
• mṛtyu – death, dying
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

लाभालाभौ (lābhālābhau) - the dual outcomes of gain and loss (gain and loss (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lābhālābha

lābhālābha - gain and loss

Compound type : dvandva (lābha+alābha)

• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  From root labh (to obtain).
  Root: labh (class 1)
• alābha – loss, non-acquisition
  noun (masculine)
  Negative prefix a- + lābha.

प्रियाप्रिये (priyāpriye) - the dual experiences of pleasant and unpleasant things (pleasant and unpleasant (things) (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of priyāpriya

priyāpriya - pleasant and unpleasant things, friends and enemies

Compound type : dvandva (priya+apriya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• apriya – unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful, enemy
  adjective (masculine)
  Negative prefix a- + priya.

Note: In neuter dual nominative/accusative, the form is -e. This matches sukha-duḥkhe.

इति (iti) - marking the end of the list of pairs (thus, so, marking the end of a list or definition)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (connecting this statement to the preceding enumeration of qualities) (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एकोनविंशः (ekonaviṁśaḥ) - the nineteenth (quality) (nineteenth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekonaviṃśa

ekonaviṁśa - nineteenth (literally 'one less than twenty')

Compound: eka + ūna + viṃśa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (eka+ūna+viṃśa)

• eka – one, a single
  numeral (masculine)
• ūna – less, deficient, wanting
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root un (to diminish).
  Root: un (class 2)
• viṃśa – twentieth
  numeral adjective (masculine)
  From viṃśati (twenty).

Note: Refers to the quality as 'the nineteenth'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the 'dvandva-yoga' quality, which is masculine) (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to 'dvandvayogaḥ'.

द्वन्द्वयोगह्̣ (dvandvayogaḥ) - 'dvandva-yoga' (the specific name for this quality) (union of pairs, combination of opposites)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvandvayoga

dvandvayoga - union of pairs, combination of opposites, a pair, a couple

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvandva+yoga)

• dvandva – a pair, a couple, a dual, a contest
  noun (neuter)
• yoga – union, conjunction, application, discipline, connection
  noun (masculine)
  From root yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

इति (iti) - thus, marking the named quality 'dvandva-yoga' (thus, so, marking a specific name or definition)

(indeclinable)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is remembered, is traditionally called (remembered, mentioned, called)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, mentioned, traditional, prescribed by tradition

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root smṛ- (to remember) with suffix -ta.

Root: smṛ (class 1)