महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-308, verse-4

संन्यासफलिकः कश्चिद्बभूव नृपतिः पुरा ।
मैथिलो जनको नाम धर्मध्वज इति श्रुतः ॥४॥

4. saṁnyāsaphalikaḥ kaścidbabhūva nṛpatiḥ purā ,
maithilo janako nāma dharmadhvaja iti śrutaḥ.

4. saṃnyāsaphalikaḥ kaścit babhūva nṛpatiḥ purā
maithilaḥ janakaḥ nāma dharmadhvajaḥ iti śrutaḥ

4. purā kaścit maithilaḥ janakaḥ nāma dharmadhvajaḥ
iti śrutaḥ nṛpatiḥ saṃnyāsaphalikaḥ babhūva

4. Formerly, there was a certain king of Mithila named Janaka, renowned as Dharmadhvaja (whose banner is natural law), who had attained the fruits of renunciation.

Words meanings summery:

• संन्यासफलिकः (saṁnyāsaphalikaḥ) - one who has attained the fruit/result of renunciation

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some

• बभूव (babhūva) - was, became, existed

• नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, monarch

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

• मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - Janaka, the king of Mithila (king of Mithila, belonging to Mithila)

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

• धर्मध्वजः (dharmadhvajaḥ) - one whose emblem or guiding principle is natural law (dharma) (whose banner is dharma, banner of righteousness)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so called

• श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, renowned, famous, known

Words meanings and morphology

संन्यासफलिकः (saṁnyāsaphalikaḥ) - one who has attained the fruit/result of renunciation

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsaphalika

saṁnyāsaphalika - one who has the fruit of renunciation

From 'saṃnyāsa' (renunciation) + 'phala' (fruit) + 'ika' (suffix for possession).

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃnyāsa+phala)

• saṃnyāsa – renunciation, complete abandonment
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-ni-as + ghañ
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: as (class 4)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - a certain, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - a certain, someone, something

From 'kim' (what) + 'cid' (an intensifying particle).

Note: Refers to the king.

बभूव (babhūva) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: bhū (class 1)

नृपतिः (nṛpatiḥ) - king, monarch

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound of 'nṛ' (man) and 'pati' (lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, in ancient times, before

(indeclinable)

मैथिलः (maithilaḥ) - Janaka, the king of Mithila (king of Mithila, belonging to Mithila)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maithila

maithila - a native of Mithila, king of Mithila

Derived from Mithila, referring to its inhabitants or rulers.

जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (name of a king of Videha, father of Sita)

Root: jan (class 4)

नाम (nāma) - named, by name, indeed

(indeclinable)

Also functions as a noun 'nāman'. Here, adverbial.

धर्मध्वजः (dharmadhvajaḥ) - one whose emblem or guiding principle is natural law (dharma) (whose banner is dharma, banner of righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmadhvaja

dharmadhvaja - banner of dharma/righteousness, one who holds dharma as his banner

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+dhvaja)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard, mark
  noun (masculine)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so called

(indeclinable)

श्रुतः (śrutaḥ) - heard, renowned, famous, known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known, famous, revealed (as in śruti)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)