वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-96

स तदा पातितस्तेन कपिना पर्वतोत्तमः ।
बुद्ध्वा तस्य कपेर्वेगं जहर्ष च ननन्द च ॥९६॥

96. sa tadā pātitastena kapinā parvatottamaḥ ,
buddhvā tasya kapervegaṃ jaharṣa ca nananda ca.

96. saḥ tadā pātitaḥ tena kapinā parvatottamaḥ |
buddhvā tasya kapeḥ vegam jaharṣa ca nananda ca

96. tadā tena kapinā pātitaḥ saḥ parvatottamaḥ
tasya kapeḥ vegam buddhvā jaharṣa ca nananda ca

96. That excellent mountain, thus struck down by that monkey, understood the monkey's speed and both rejoiced and was pleased.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (mountain) (that, he)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, made to fall, thrown down

• तेन (tena) - by that (monkey) (by him, by that)

• कपिना (kapinā) - by the monkey

• पर्वतोत्तमः (parvatottamaḥ) - best of mountains, excellent mountain

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, knowing

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (monkey) (of that, of him)

• कपेः (kapeḥ) - of the monkey

• वेगम् (vegam) - speed, velocity, force

• जहर्ष (jaharṣa) - he rejoiced, he was glad

• च (ca) - and

• ननन्द (nananda) - he was pleased, he delighted

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (mountain) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - struck down, made to fall, thrown down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - caused to fall, thrown down, felled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the causative stem of root √pat (to fall) with the past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: pat (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by that (monkey) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कपिना (kapinā) - by the monkey

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey

पर्वतोत्तमः (parvatottamaḥ) - best of mountains, excellent mountain

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parvatottama

parvatottama - the best of mountains, chief mountain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+uttama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective (masculine)

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √budh (to know, perceive) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: budh (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (monkey) (of that, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कपेः (kapeḥ) - of the monkey

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey

वेगम् (vegam) - speed, velocity, force

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impulse

जहर्ष (jaharṣa) - he rejoiced, he was glad

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of jaharṣa

Perfect

Root √hṛṣ (to be excited, rejoice) in perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ननन्द (nananda) - he was pleased, he delighted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nananda

Perfect

Root √nand (to rejoice, be glad) in perfect tense (liṭ).

Root: nand (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)