वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-1, verse-122

तद्द्वितीयं हनुमतो दृष्ट्वा कर्म सुदुष्करम् ।
प्रशशंसुः सुराः सर्वे सिद्धाश्च परमर्षयः ॥१२२॥

122. taddvitīyaṃ hanumato dṛṣṭvā karma suduṣkaram ,
praśaśaṃsuḥ surāḥ sarve siddhāśca paramarṣayaḥ.

122. tat dvitīyam hanumataḥ dṛṣṭvā karma suduṣkaram
praśaśaṃsuḥ surāḥ sarve siddhāḥ ca paramarṣayaḥ

122. surāḥ sarve ca siddhāḥ paramarṣayaḥ hanumataḥ
tat dvitīyam suduṣkaram karma dṛṣṭvā praśaśaṃsuḥ

122. Having seen that second extremely difficult deed (karma) of Hanumān, all the gods, perfected beings (siddha), and great sages praised him.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - Referring to Hanumān's deed (that)

• द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

• हनुमतः (hanumataḥ) - of Hanumān

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• कर्म (karma) - Hanumān's feat/deed of flying across the ocean (deed, action, work)

• सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult to do, exceedingly arduous

• प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised, they highly acclaimed

• सुराः (surāḥ) - gods, deities

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - perfected ones, accomplished beings

• च (ca) - and

• परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - Referring to Hanumān's deed (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

द्वितीयम् (dvitīyam) - second

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dvitīya

dvitīya - second

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

हनुमतः (hanumataḥ) - of Hanumān

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanumān (proper noun), having a jaw

Note: Indicates possession.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

कर्म (karma) - Hanumān's feat/deed of flying across the ocean (deed, action, work)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - deed, action, work, ritual action, fate

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

सुदुष्करम् (suduṣkaram) - very difficult to do, exceedingly arduous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of suduṣkara

suduṣkara - very difficult to do, exceedingly arduous, impossible

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duṣkara – difficult to do, hard, arduous
  adjective
  gerundive/kṛtya
  From 'dus' (bad, difficult) + root 'kṛ' (to do) + suffix '-a'
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

प्रशशंसुः (praśaśaṁsuḥ) - they praised, they highly acclaimed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of praśaṃs

perfect tense

From 'pra' (prefix) + root 'śaṃs' (to praise), 3rd person plural perfect active

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सुराः (surāḥ) - gods, deities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sura

sura - god, deity

Note: Subject.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'surāḥ', 'siddhāḥ', and 'paramarṣayaḥ'.

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - perfected ones, accomplished beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - perfected, accomplished, successful; a class of semi-divine beings

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sidh' (to succeed, accomplish) + suffix '-ta'

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: Subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme rishi

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject.